<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2021-36-4-14-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-1279</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геномика и предиктивная медицина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genomics and predictive medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-1207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, Заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, главный научный сотрудник отдела геномной медицины</p><p> 199034, Российская Федерация, Санкт-Петербург, Менделеевская линия, 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Chief Research Scientist, Department of Genomic Medicine</p><p> 3, Mendeleevskaya liniya, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsbar40@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D.O. Ott Research Institute for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction </institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>36</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранов В.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранов В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/1279">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/1279</self-uri><abstract><p>Достижения в понимании структурно-функциональной организации генома человека, расшифровка первичной последовательности ДНК в его клетке открыли новые, ранее недостижимые возможности медицинской генетики в понимании причин и механизмов наследственной патологии. По мере совершенствования методов молекулярного анализа генома внедрение генетики в медицину прогрессивно нарастает. Знание генома и его функций позволяет не только уточнить диагноз, но в значительной мере предвидеть наличие у человека наследственной предрасположенности к патологии, оценить вероятность развития того или иного заболевания. Данный подход составил основу нового направления медицинской генетики, получившего название предиктивной (предсказательной) медицины (ПМ). Прогресс ПМ прежде всего отражает успехи бурного развития молекулярно-генетических методов, новые возможности изучения структуры и функций генома. Менее чем за 15 лет после расшифровки генома медицинская генетика прошла сложный путь от анализа единичных генов до исследования всего генома, от сканирования генных ассоциаций до системной генетики мультифакторных заболеваний (МФЗ), от трансляционной до точной медицины, от идеи «генетического паспорта» до геномной электронной карты здоровья. Для современной практической медицины особенно актуальны разработка генетического паспорта, развитие прогностического генетического тестирования (ГТ) и карты репродуктивного здоровья.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Progress in understanding of structural and functional human genome organization and deciphering primary DNA sequence in human cells allowed for hitherto unreachable new capabilities of medical genetics in identifying the causes and mechanisms of inherited and inborn pathology. Implementation of genetics into medicine is progressively advancing along with improvement of molecular analysis of genome. Knowledge of genome and its functions allows to provide more accurate diagnosis, predict, to a considerable extent, the presence of genetic predisposition of a person to pathology, and to assess the chances for developing one or another disease. This approach became the basis for a new area of medical genetics named predictive medicine. The progress of predictive medicine refl ects success in tremendous upgrowth of molecular genetic methods and new capabilities of studying structure and functions of genome. Within less than 15 years after deciphering genome, medical genetics has travelled a long way from a single gene analysis to whole genome studies, from screening of genetic associations to systems genetics of multifactorial diseases, from translational to high-precision genetics, and from genetic passport idea to electronic genetic health records. The development of a genetic passport, prognostic genetic testing, and genomic chart of reproductive health is especially relevant for current practical medicine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предиктивная медицина</kwd><kwd>системная генетика мультифакторных заболеваний</kwd><kwd>точная медицина</kwd><kwd>генетический паспорт</kwd><kwd>электронная геномная карта здоровья</kwd><kwd>геномная карта репродуктивного здоровья</kwd><kwd>прогностическое генетическое тестирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>predictive medicine</kwd><kwd>systems genetics of common diseases</kwd><kwd>personal electronic genetic&#13;
certificate</kwd><kwd>genomic chart of reproductive health</kwd><kwd>prognostic genetic testing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work was done as a part of basic research project #АААА-А19-119021290033-1</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наследственные болезни. Национальное руководство; под ред. Н.П. Бочкова, Е.К. Гинтера, В.П. Пузырева. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2012:757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hereditary diseases. National guidelines; ed. by N.P. Bochkov, E.K. Ginter, V.P. Puzyrev. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2012:757 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов В.С. Программа «Геном человека» как научная основа профилактической медицины. Вестник РАМН. 2000;(10):27–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S. The program “Human Genome” as a scientifi c basis for preventive medicine. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2000;(10):27–37 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranov V.S. Genome paths: A way to personalized and predictive medicine. Acta Naturae. 2009;1(3):77–88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S. Genome paths: A way to personalized and predictive medicine. Acta Naturae. 2009;1(3):77–88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П. Генетика мультифакториальных заболеваний: между прошлым и будущим. Медицинская генетика. 2003;2(12):498–508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puzyrev V.P. Genetics of multifactorial diseases: between the past and the future. Medical Genetics. 2003;2(12):498–508 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П. Медицинская патогенетика. Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2014;18(1):7–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puzyrev V.P. Medical pathogenetics. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2014;18(1):7–21 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов В.С., Кузнецова Т.В., Кащеева Т.К., Иващенко Т.Э. Пренатальная диагностика наследственных болезней. Состояние и перспективы. СПб.: Изд-во ЭКО «Вектор»; 2020:569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S., Kuznetsova T.V., Kashcheeva T.K., Ivashchenko T.E. Prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases. State and prospects. St. Petersburg: Publishing house of ECO «Vector»; 2020:569 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов В.С., Баранова Е.В., Иващенко Т.Э., Асеев М.В. Геном человека и гены предрасположенности. Введение в предиктивную медицину. СПб.: Изд-во «Интермедика»; 2000:263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S., Baranova E.V., Ivashchenko T.E., Aseev M.V. Human genome and predisposition genes. Introduction to predictive medicine. St.Petersburg: Publishing house «Intermedika»; 2000:263 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Генетический паспорт – основа индивидуальной и предиктивной медицины; под ред. В.С. Баранова. СПб.: Изд-во «Н-Л»; 2009:527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genetic passport-the basis of individual and predictive medicine; ed. by V.S. Baranov. St. Petersburg: Publishing house «N-L»; 2009:527 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П. Геномная медицина – настоящее и будущее. В кн.: Молекулярно-биологические технологии в медицинской практике; под ред. В.П. Пузырева. Вып. 3. Новосибирск: Альфа Виста; 2003:3–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puzyrev V.P. Genomic medicine: the present and the future. In: Molecular biological technologies in medical practice; ed. by V.P. Puzyrev. Vol. 3. Novosibirsk: Alfa Vista; 2003:3–26 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П., Степанов В.А. Патологическая анатомия генома человека. Новосибирск: Наука; 1997:223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puzyrev V.P., Stepanov V.A. Pathological anatomy of the human genome. Novosibirsk: Nauka; 1997:223 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manolio T.A., Collins Fr.S., Cox N.J., Goldstein D.B., Hindorff L.A., Hunter D.J. et al. Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases. Nature. 2009;461(7265): 747–753. DOI: 10.1038/nature08494.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manolio T.A., Collins Fr.S., Cox N.J., Goldstein D.B., Hindorff L.A., Hunter D.J. et al. Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases. Nature. 2009;461(7265): 747–753. DOI: 10.1038/nature08494.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eicher E., Flint J., Gibson G., Kong A., Leal S.M., Moore J.H. et al. Missing heritability and strategies for finding the underlining causes of complex diseases. Nat. Rev. Genet.2010;11(6):446–450. DOI: 10.1038/nrg2809.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eicher E., Flint J., Gibson G., Kong A., Leal S.M., Moore J.H. et al. Missing heritability and strategies for finding the underlining causes of complex diseases. Nat. Rev. Genet.2010;11(6):446–450. DOI: 10.1038/nrg2809.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П. Феномно-геномные отношения и патогенетика многофакторных заболеваний. Вестник Российской АМН. 2011;(9):17–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puzyrev V.P. Phenomic-genomic relations and pathogenetics of multifactorial diseases. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2011;(9):17–27 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов В.С. Геном человека, «недостающая» наследственность и генетический паспорт. Медицинская генетика. 2011;10(3):3–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S. Human genome, “missing” heredity and genetic passport. Medical Genetics. 2011;10(3):3–10 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wand H., Lambert S.A., Tamburro C., Iacocca M.A., O’Sullivan J.W., Sillari C. et al. Improving reporting standards for рolygenic scores in risk prediction studies. Nature. 2021;591(7849):213–219. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03243-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wand H., Lambert S.A., Tamburro C., Iacocca M.A., O’Sullivan J.W., Sillari C. et al. Improving reporting standards for рolygenic scores in risk prediction studies. Nature. 2021;591(7849):213–219. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03243-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов В.С., Баранова Е.В. Геном человека. Эпигенетика многофакторных заболеваний и персонифицированная медицина. Биосфера. 2012;4(1):77–85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S., Baranova E.V. The human genome. Epigenetics of multifactorial diseases and personalized medicine. The Biosphere. 2012;4(1):77–8517 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lander E.S. Cutting the Gordian helix-regulating genomic testing in the era of precision medicine. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015;372(13):1185–1186. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1501964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lander E.S. Cutting the Gordian helix-regulating genomic testing in the era of precision medicine. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015;372(13):1185–1186. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1501964.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hussain S. A new conceptual framework for investigating complex genetic disease. Front. Genet. 2015;6:327. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hussain S. A new conceptual framework for investigating complex genetic disease. Front. Genet. 2015;6:327. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подколодный Н.А., Подколодная Е. Онтология и биоинформатика в системной биологии. Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2015;19(6):652–663. DOI: 10.18699/VJ15.090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podkolodnyy N.L., Podkolodnaya O.A. Ontologies in bioinformatics and systems biology. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2015;19(6):652–663 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18699/VJ15.090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams S. Companies are building platforms based on blockchain technology to let individuals control and directly profit from their genomic ad medical inflammation. The Scientists. 2018. URL: https://www.thescientist.com.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams S. Companies are building platforms based on blockchain technology to let individuals control and directly profit from their genomic ad medical inflammation. The Scientists. 2018. URL: https://www.the-scientist.com</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Purcell S.M., Moran J.L., Fromer M., Ruderfer D., Solovieff N., Roussos P. et al. Apolygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophrenia. Nature. 2014;506(7487):185–190. DOI: 10.1038/nature12975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Purcell S.M., Moran J.L., Fromer M., Ruderfer D., Solovieff N., Roussos P. et al. Apolygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophrenia. Nature. 2014;506(7487):185–190. DOI: 10.1038/nature12975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van El C.G., Cornel M.C., Borry P., Hastings R.J., Fellmann F., Hodgson S.V. et al. Whole-genome sequencing in health care: Recommendations of the European Society of Human Genetics. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2013;21(6):580–584. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van El C.G., Cornel M.C., Borry P., Hastings R.J., Fellmann F., Hodgson S.V. et al. Whole-genome sequencing in health care: Recommendations of the European Society of Human Genetics. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2013;21(6):580–584. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов В.С., Баранова Е.B. Генетический паспорт: вчера, сегодня завтра. Вестник Pосздравнадзора. 2018;(2):22–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S., Baranova E.V. Genetic passport: yesterday, today breakfast. Bulletin of Roszdravnadzor. 2018;(2):22–29 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кarczewski K.J., Syder M.P. Integrative omics for health and disease. Nat. Rev. Gen. 2018;19(5):299–310. DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2018.4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кarczewski K.J., Syder M.P. Integrative omics for health and disease. Nat. Rev. Gen. 2018;19(5):299–310. DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2018.4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibson G. Rare and common variants: Тwenty arguments. Nat. Rev Genet. 2012;13(2):135–145. DOI: 10.1038/nrg3118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibson G. Rare and common variants: Тwenty arguments. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2012;13(2):135–145. DOI: 10.1038/nrg3118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson M.R., Wray N.R., Visscher P.M. Explaining additional genetic variation I in complex traits. Trends Genet. 2014;30(4):124–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2014.02.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson M.R., Wray N.R., Visscher P.M. Explaining additional genetic variation I in complex traits. Trends Genet. 2014;30(4):124–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2014.02.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пузырев В.П., Кучер А.Н. Эволюционно-онтогенетические аспекты патогенетики хронических болезней человека. Генетика. 2011;47:(12):1573–1585.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puzyrev V.P., Kucher A.N. Evolutionary and ontogenetic aspects of the pathogenetics of chronic human diseases. Genetics. 2011;47:(12):1573–1585 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritchi M.D., Andrade M., Kuivaniemi H. The foundation of precision medicine integration of electronic health records with genomics through basic, clinical and translational research. Front. Genet. 2015;6:104. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritchi M.D., Andrade M., Kuivaniemi H. The foundation of precision medicine integration of electronic health records with genomics through basic, clinical and translational research. Front. Genet. 2015;6:104. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Von Bertalanff y L. General system theory: Foundations, development and perspective. New York: George Brazzillier; 1968:295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Von Bertalanffy L. General system theory: Foundations, development and perspective. New York: George Brazzillier; 1968:295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sieberts S.K., Schadt E.E. Moving toward a system genetics view of disease. Mamm. Genome. 2007;18(6–7):389–401. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9040-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sieberts S.K., Schadt E.E. Moving toward a system genetics view of disease. Mamm. Genome. 2007;18(6–7):389–401. DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9040-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Middha S., Lindor N.M., McDonnell S.K., Olson J.E., Johnson K.J., Wieben E.D.et al. How well do whole exome sequencing results correlate with medical fi ndings? A study of 89 Mayo Clinic Biobank samples. Front. Genet. 2015;6:244. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Middha S., Lindor N.M., McDonnell S.K., Olson J.E., Johnson K.J., Wieben E.D.et al. How well do whole exome sequencing results correlate with medical findings? A study of 89 Mayo Clinic Biobank samples. Front. Genet. 2015;6:244. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng T., Huang T., Lu C. Editorial: Machine learning advances dynamic omics data analysis for precision medicine. Front. Genet. 2020;10:1343. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01343.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng T., Huang T., Lu C. Editorial: Machine learning advances dynamic omics data analysis for precision medicine. Front. Genet. 2020;10:1343. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01343.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranov V.S., Ivaschenko T.E., Yarmolinskaya M.I. Comparative systems genetics view of endometriosis and uterine leyomyoma. Two sides of the same coin? Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med. 2016;62(2):93–105. DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1123325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S., Ivaschenko T.E., Yarmolinskaya M.I. Comparative systems genetics view of endometriosis and uterine leyomyoma. Two sides of the same coin? Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med. 2016;62(2):93–105. DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1123325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranov V.S., Ivaschenko T.Е., Liehr T., Yarmolinskaya M.I. Systems genetics view of endometriosis: А common complex disorder. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2015;185:59–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.11.036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov V.S., Ivaschenko T.Е., Liehr T., Yarmolinskaya M.I. Systems genetics view of endometriosis: А common complex disorder. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2015;185:59–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.11.036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osinovskaya N.S., Malysheva O.V., Shved N.Y., Ivashchenko T.E., Sultanov I.Y., Efi mova O.A. et al. Frequency and spectrum of MED12 exon 2 mutations in multiple versus solitary uterine leiomyomas from Russian patients. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 2016;35(6):509–515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osinovskaya N.S., Malysheva O.V., Shved N.Y., Ivashchenko T.E., Sultanov I.Y., Efi mova O.A. et al. Frequency and spectrum of MED12 exon 2 mutations in multiple versus solitary uterine leiomyomas from Russian patients. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 2016;35(6):509–515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Science Foundation. Personalized Medicine for the European citizen – towards more precise medicine for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. 2012. URL: http://archives.esf.org</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Science Foundation. Personalized Medicine for the European citizen – towards more precise medicine for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. 2012. URL: http://archives.esf.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bank M.A. Researches develop standards for reporting polygenic risk scores. The Scientists. 2021. URL: https://www.the-scientist.com</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bank M.A. Researches develop standards for reporting polygenic risk scores. The Scientists. 2021. URL: https://www.the-scientist.com.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
