cardiotomskСибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медициныSiberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine2713-29272713-265XTSU publishing10.29001/2073-8552-2015-30-1-7-16cardiotomsk-135Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESК патофизиологическим аспектам электрокардиотерапии (обзор литературы)On pathophysiological aspects of electrotherapy of the heartХасановИльдар ШамильевичKhassanovI. Sh.ildar.khassanov@biotronik.comУниверситет Эрланген-Нюрнберг им. Фридриха-АлександраРоссияFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NurembergRussian Federation201506092016301716Copyright © Хасанов И.Ш., 20162016Хасанов И.Ш.Khassanov I.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/135

По мере развития электрокардиотерапии, применяемой сегодня, и для лечения сердечной недостаточности (СН) все большее значение приобретает решение задачи физиологичности терапии и предупреждения ятрогенных эффектов. Поиск направлен на достижение физиологичной частоты и последовательности возбуждения миокарда при искусственной стимуляции, минимизацию нарушений контуров регуляции работы сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС). Критерием физиологичности элекгрокардиотерапии могло бы считаться улучшение гемодинамики без усиления системы неспецифической нейрогуморальной регуляции (НГР), свидетельствующей о стрессе. Частотно-адаптивная электрокардиотерапия, учитывающая состояние инотропной функции миокарда, прямым регулятором которой со стороны автономной нервной системы является β-адренергическая сигнальная сеть, может способствовать снижению адренергической стимуляции миокарда и таким образом может принести положительный эффект пациентам, в том числе больным СН. Наряду с нейрогуморальными факторами, являющимися основной причиной развития синдрома СН, ключевую роль играют различные провоспалительные цитокины, модулирующие функции ССС. Практически при всех основных формах кардиальной патологии и развитии нарушений ритма сердца независимо от локализации присутствует в той или иной форме воспаление, которое имеет единую патогенетическую и морфологическую картину, обусловленную различными системными маркерами, включая эндотоксин. Соответственно, различные биологические маркеры, участвующие в процессах НГР, специфической и неспецифической адаптации организма к метаболическим требованиям, имеют важное значение для определения физиологичности лечения, в том числе и на фоне проводимой электрокардиотерапии. Дальнейший поиск ведется на основе знаний как о принципах регуляции ССС, так и о различных механизмах специфической и неспецифической адаптации человеческого организма к различным факторам, таким как физическая нагрузка или психоэмоциональный стресс.

With progress in Electrotherapy of the heart, used nowadays also in heart failure (HF) patients, the problem of physiological character of therapy and prevention of iatrogenic effects become even more challenging. Clinical research is aimed on physiological rate adaptation and myocardium excitation pattern at pacing, and thus on minimizing the disturbances of the cardiovascular system (CVS) regulation loops. Criteria for physiological therapy could be the haemodynamic improvement avoiding the stress characteristic non-specific amplification of neurohumoral regulation (NHR). Rate adaptive pacing accounting for Inotropic myocardium function, regulated by the Autonomous nervous system directly via the β-adrenergic network, could decrease the myocardium adrenergic modulation for patients’ benefit, also in HF. Along with the neurohumoral factors, being the main cause of HF syndrome, different inflammation cytokines play their key role by modulating the CVS functions. Inflammation in one or another form manifests itself practically in all cardiac pathologies and heart arrhythmias independent of their localization. It has rather common pathogenic and morphological pattern, mediated by different system markers, including Endotoxin as well. Appropriately, the biological markers, participating in the NHR processes, of specific and non-specific adaptation of the body to metabolic demand, are significant to determine the physiological character of the therapy, also in the heart pacing. Further research is based on the knowledge of both the CVS regulation loops and the mechanisms of specific and non-specific adaptation of the body to different factors, i.e. the physical load and the psycho emotional stress.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.