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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2021-36-4-27-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-1352</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Холестерин, его биологическое значение. Атеросклероз. Статинотерапия (Часть 1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cholesterol and its biological significance. Atherosclerosis. Statin therapy (Part 1)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4931-5383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник, отделение артериальной гипертонии и коронарной недостаточности, научный отдел клинической кардиологии, </p><p>625026, Тюмень, ул. Мельникайте, 111</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Research Scientist, Department of Arterial Hypertension and Coronary Insufficiency, Research Division of Clinical Cardiology, </p><p>111, Melnikaite str., Tyumen, 625026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sss@infarkta.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8675-9103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стрельцова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Streltsova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, отделение артериальной гипертонии и коронарной недостаточности, научный отдел клинической кардиологии, </p><p>625026, Тюмень, ул. Мельникайте, 111</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Scientist, Department of Arterial Hypertension and Coronary Insufficiency, Research Division of Clinical Cardiology, </p><p>111, Melnikaite str., Tyumen, 625026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sss@infarkta.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Тюменский кардиологический научный центр, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>37</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильев А.П., Стрельцова Н.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильев А.П., Стрельцова Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasiliev A.P., Streltsova N.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/1352">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/1352</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на глубокую разработку теории патогенеза атеросклероза, до сих пор многие вопросы остаются открытыми. Современные представления о природе атеросклеротического поражения сосудистой стенки в значительной мере базируются на результатах исследования Н.Н. Аничкова, ключевым положением которых является гиперхолестеринемия (ГХС). К настоящему времени предложены многочисленные теории атеросклероза, однако доминирующей остается липидно-инфильтративная идея, заложенная более 100 лет назад, и вопреки содержащимся в ней противоречиям именно она положена в основу лечебно-профилактических мероприятий при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях.</p><p>Цель обзора: напомнить читателю о биологическом значении холестерина (ХС), выполняющего важнейшие, жизненно необходимые функции в организме; отметить некоторые спорные положения и противоречивые факты этиологической роли ГХС в атерогенезе, ставящие под сомнение целесообразность использования содержания ХС в крови в качестве показателя тяжести заболевания и возможность оценки эффективности лечения по динамике его уровня. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the profound development of the theory explaining atherosclerosis pathogenesis, many questions still remain open. Modern ideas about the nature of atherosclerotic lesions in the vascular wall are largely based on the results of N.N. Anichkov’s research where hypercholesterolemia is considered the key point. Numerous theories of atherosclerosis have been proposed to date. However, the lipid-infiltrative idea, established over 100 years ago, remains dominant, and, despite the involved controversies, this concept lays the foundation for the therapeutic and preventive measures in cardiovascular diseases.</p><p>Aim. The purpose of this review is to remind the reader of the biological significance of cholesterol, which performs essential vital functions in the body; to discuss some controversial points of view and contradictory facts regarding the etiological role of hypercholesterolemia in atherogenesis, which call into question the appropriateness of using blood cholesterol content as an indicator of disease severity and the possibility to assess the treatment effectiveness based on cholesterol level dynamics. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>биологическая роль</kwd><kwd>гиперхолестеринемия</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholesterol</kwd><kwd>biological role</kwd><kwd>hypercholesterolemia</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лопухин Ю.М., Арчаков А.И., Владимиров Ю.А., Коган Э.М. 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