<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2023-38-2-156-165</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-1580</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические варианты, клиническая характеристика и исходы некомпактной кардиомиопатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic variants, clinical characteristics and outcomes of non-compact cardiomyopathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-5932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссарова</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarova</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комиссарова Светлана Михайловна - д-р мед. наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория хронической сердечной недостаточности</p><p>220036, Минск, ул. Розы Люксембург, 110Б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana M. Komissarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Leading Research Scientist, Chronic Heart Failure Laboratory</p><p>110B, R. Luxemburg str., 220036, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kom_svet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-1367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ринейская</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rineiskaya</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ринейская Надежда Михайловна - младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория хронической сердечной недостаточности</p><p>220036, Минск, ул. Розы Люксембург, 110Б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda M. Rineiskaya, Junior Research Scientist, Chronic Heart Failure Laboratory</p><p>110B, R. Luxemburg str., 220036, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadya.rin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4721-9109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чакова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chakova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чакова Наталья Николаевна - ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория генетики животных</p><p>220072, Минск, ул. Академическая, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Chakova, Leading Research Scientist, Animal Genetics Laboratory</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.chakova@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-6104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефимова Анастасия Александровна - врач лучевой диагностики рентгеновского отделения</p><p>220036, Минск, ул. Розы Люксембург, 110Б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Efimova, radiologist, Department of Radiology</p><p>110B, R. Luxemburg str., 220036, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anst.efimova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-131X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долматович</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolmatovich</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долматович Татьяна Владимировна - ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория генетики животных</p><p>220072, Минск, ул. Академическая, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Dolmatovich, Leading Research Scientist, Animal Genetics Laboratory</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.dolmatovich@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ниязова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Niyazova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ниязова Светлана Сергеевна - младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория генетики животных</p><p>220072, Минск, ул. Академическая, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana S. Niyazova, Junior Research Scientist Animal Genetics Laboratory</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kruglenko_sveta@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр «Кардиология»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Institution "Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology"</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академия наук Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>38</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комиссарова С.М., Ринейская Н.М., Чакова Н.Н., Ефимова А.А., Долматович Т.В., Ниязова С.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комиссарова С.М., Ринейская Н.М., Чакова Н.Н., Ефимова А.А., Долматович Т.В., Ниязова С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komissarova S.M., Rineiskaya N.M., Chakova N.N., Efimova A.A., Dolmatovich T.V., Niyazova S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/1580">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/1580</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: оценить клинические и структурно-функциональные характеристики, включая неблагоприятные события и исходы, у пациентов с некомпактной кардиомиопатией (НКМП) с различными генетическими вариантами.Материал и методы. Обследован 51 неродственный пациент с НКМП (медиана возраста – 37 [28; 47] лет; из них 54,9% мужчин, 45,1% женщин), наблюдаемых в течение от 7 до 211 мес. (медиана – 38 мес.). Клинико-инструментальное обследование включало осмотр, сбор индивидуального и семейного анамнеза, регистрацию ЭКГ-12, суточное мониторирование ЭКГ, эхокардиографию, магнитнорезонансную томографию (МРТ) сердца с отсроченным контрастированием. Поиск мутаций в кодирующих последовательностях 174 генов, ассоциируемых с сердечно-сосудистой патологией, проводили методом высокопроизводительного секвенирования (NGS).Результаты. У 24 из 51 (47,1%) пациента выявлены 27 мутаций IV и V классов патогенности, при этом у 21 (41,2%) пациента мутации находились в генах саркомерных белков, из них в гене MYBPC3 – 37,5%, в гене MYH7 – 25,0%, мутации в гене TTN, приводящие к укороченному белку (TTNtv), – 33,3%, в гене АСТС1 – 1 мутация (4,2%). У 5,9% пациентов мутации выявлены в генах, кодирующих структурные белки и субъединицы ионных каналов. У 10 из 24 (41,7%) пациентов было обнаружено по два и более генетических варианта. У 14 (27,4%) пациентов не было выявлено значимых генетических вариантов. Пациенты с мутациями в гене TTNtv были ассоциированы с выраженной систолической дисфункцией, дилатацией левого желудочка (ЛЖ). У носителей мутаций в гене MYBPC3 и нескольких генетических вариантов чаще регистрировали неблагоприятные события и исходы: прогрессирование хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН), желудочковые тахиаритмии, внезапную сердечную смерть (ВСС) с успешной реанимацией, летальные исходы. Пациенты с мутациями в гене MYH7 не имели неблагоприятных исходов.Заключение. Сравнительный анализ показал, что у пациентов с НКМП наиболее тяжелая форма заболевания с выраженными клиническими проявлениями, эпизодами клинической смерти с последующими реанимационным мероприятиями и имплантацией кардиовертера-дефибриллятора (КД) наблюдалась у пробандов с мутациями в TTNtv, мутациями в гене MYBPC3 или несколькими генетическими вариантами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: evaluate clinical and structural-functional characteristics, including adverse events and outcomes, in patients with noncompact cardiomyopathy (NCM) with various genetic variants.Material and Methods. 51 unrelated patients with NCM were examined (mean age 37 [28; 47]; men (54.9%), women (45.1%)), observed for 7 to 211 months (in average 38 months). Clinical and instrumental examination included checkup, collection of individual and family history, ECG-12 registration, 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart with late contrast enhancement. The search for mutations in the coding sequences of 174 genes associated with cardiovascular pathology was carried out by high-throughput sequencing (NGS).Results and discussion. In 24 of 51 (47.1%) patients, 27 mutations of pathogenicity classes IV and V were detected, while in 21 (41.2%) patients, mutations were in the genes of sarcomeric proteins, of which 37.5% were in the MYBPC3 gene, 25.0% in the MYH7 gene, and in the TTN gene, leading to a shortened protein (TTNtv) – 33.3%, there is a mutation in the ACTC1 – 1 gene (4.2%). In 5.9% of patients, mutations were detected in genes encoding structural proteins and ion channel subunits. Two or more genetic variants were found in 10 out of 24 (41.7%) patients. No significant genetic variants were identified in 14 (27.4%) patients. Patients with mutations in the TTNtv gene were associated with severe systolic dysfunction, dilation of the left ventricle. Carriers of mutations in the MYBPC3 gene and several genetic variants were more likely to have adverse events and outcomes: progression of chronic heart failure (CHF), ventricular tachyarrhythmias, sudden cardiac death (SCD) with successful resuscitation, mortality. Patients with mutations in the MYH7 gene had no adverse outcomes.Conclusion. Comparative analysis showed that patients with NCM had the most severe form of the disease with significant clinical manifestations, episodes of clinical death with subsequent resuscitation and cardioverter defibrillator implantation in probands with mutations in TTNtv gene, mutations in the MYBPC3 gene or multiple genetic variants.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>некомпактная кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>генотип-фенотип корреляции</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительное секвенирование (NGS)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-compac cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>genotype-phenotype correlation</kwd><kwd>cardiac magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>high-throughput sequencing (NGS)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oechslin E.N., Attenhofer Jost C.H., Rojas J.R., Kaufmann P.A., Jenni R. Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000;36(2):493–500. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00755-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oechslin E.N., Attenhofer Jost C.H., Rojas J.R., Kaufmann P.A., Jenni R. Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000;36(2):493–500. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00755-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oechslin E., Jenni R. Left ventricular non-compaction revisited: a distinct phenotype with genetic heterogeneity? Eur. Heart J. 2011;32(12):1446–1456. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oechslin E., Jenni R. Left ventricular non-compaction revisited: a distinct phenotype with genetic heterogeneity? Eur. Heart J. 2011;32(12):1446–1456. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq508.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Towbin J.A., Lorts A., Jefferies J.L. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2015;386(9995):813–825. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61282-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Towbin J.A., Lorts A., Jefferies J.L. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2015;386(9995):813–825. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61282-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cortés M., Oliva M.R., Orejas M., Navas M.A., Rábago R.M., Martínez M.E. et al. Usefulness of speckle myocardial imaging modalities for differential diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction of the myocardium. Int. J. Cardiol. 2016;223:813–818. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cortés M., Oliva M.R., Orejas M., Navas M.A., Rábago R.M., Martínez M.E. et al. Usefulness of speckle myocardial imaging modalities for differential diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction of the myocardium. Int. J. Cardiol. 2016;223:813–818. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.278.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Waning J.I., Caliskan K., Michels M., Schinkel A.F.L., Hirsch A., Dalinghaus M. et al. Cardiac phenotypes, genetics, and risk familiar noncompaction cardiomyopathy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2019;73(13):1601–1611. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.085.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Waning J.I., Caliskan K., Michels M., Schinkel A.F.L., Hirsch A., Dalinghaus M. et al. Cardiac phenotypes, genetics, and risk familiar noncompaction cardiomyopathy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2019;73(13):1601–1611. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.085.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jefferies J.L. Barth syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. Semin. Med. Genet. 2013;163(3):198–205. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jefferies J.L. Barth syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. Semin. Med. Genet. 2013;163(3):198–205. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenni R., Oechslin E., Schneider J., Attenhofer Jost C., Kaufmann P.A. Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: A step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2001;86(6):666–671. DOI: 10.1136/heart.86.6.666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenni R., Oechslin E., Schneider J., Attenhofer Jost C., Kaufmann P.A. Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: A step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2001;86(6):666–671. DOI: 10.1136/heart.86.6.666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petersen S.E., Selvanayagam J.B., Wiesmann F., Robson M.D., Francis J.M., Anderson R.H. et al. Left ventricular non-compaction: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005;46(1):101–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.045.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petersen S.E., Selvanayagam J.B., Wiesmann F., Robson M.D., Francis J.M., Anderson R.H. et al. Left ventricular non-compaction: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005;46(1):101–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacquier A., Thuny F., Jop B., Giorgi R., Cohen F., Gaubert J.Y. et al. Measurement of trabeculated left ventricular mass using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction. Eur. Heart J. 2010;31(9):1098–104. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacquier A., Thuny F., Jop B., Giorgi R., Cohen F., Gaubert J.Y. et al. Measurement of trabeculated left ventricular mass using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction. Eur. Heart J. 2010;31(9):1098–104. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang K., Li M., Hakonarson H. ANNOVAR: Functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(16);e164. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang K., Li M., Hakonarson H. ANNOVAR: Functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(16);e164. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richards S., Aziz N., Bale S., Bick D., Das S., Gastier-Foster J. et al. ACMG Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet. Med. 2015;17(5):405–424. DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richards S., Aziz N., Bale S., Bick D., Das S., Gastier-Foster J. et al. ACMG Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet. Med. 2015;17(5):405–424. DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miszalski-Jamka K., Jefferies J.L., Mazur W., Głowacki J., Hu J., Lazar M. et al. Novel genetic triggers and genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with left ventricular noncompaction. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 2017;10(4):e001763. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.117.001763.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miszalski-Jamka K., Jefferies J.L., Mazur W., Głowacki J., Hu J., Lazar M. et al. Novel genetic triggers and genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with left ventricular noncompaction. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 2017;10(4):e001763. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.117.001763.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casas G., Limeres J., Oristrell G., Gutierrez-Garcia L., Andreini D., Borregan M. et al. Clinical risk prediction in patients with left ventricular myocardial noncompaction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2021;78(7):643–662. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casas G., Limeres J., Oristrell G., Gutierrez-Garcia L., Andreini D., Borregan M. et al. Clinical risk prediction in patients with left ventricular myocardial noncompaction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2021;78(7):643–662. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
