<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2022-37-4-139-148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-1630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние новых производных азолоазинов с потенциальной противоопухолевой активностью на энергетический обмен в культурах клеток MCF-7 и Vero</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of new azoloazine derivatives with potential antitumor activity on energy metabolism in MCF-7 and Vero cell cultures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7545-8567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хумаири</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Humairi</surname><given-names>A. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хумаири Ахмед Хамид, аспирант кафедры теоретической биохимии с курсом клинической биохимии</p><p>400066, Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ahmed Hamid Al-Humairi, Post-Graduate Student, Department of Theoretical Biochemistry with Clinical Biochemistry Course</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ahmed.h.mneahil@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-7132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удут</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Udut</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Удут Владимир Васильевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, заместитель директора по научной и лечебной работе, заведующий лабораторией физиологии, молекулярной и клинической фармакологии</p><p>634028, Томск, пр. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Udut, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Scientific and Therapeutic Work, Head of the Laboratory of Physiology, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology</p><p>3, Lenin ave., Tomsk, 634028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">udutv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4362-1603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сперанский</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Speransky</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сперанский Дмитрий Леонидович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии, Институт непрерывного медицинского и фармацевтического образования</p><p>400066, Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry L. Speransky, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Transplantology, Institute of Continuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d_speransky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5325-5280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Газали</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Gazally</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аль-Газали Мояд Омран, PhD (биохимия), профессор колледжа медицины, президент Университета</p><p>198, Кербела, Шоссе Кербела – Наджаф,1238</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moaed E. Al-Gazally, Ph.D. (Biochemistry), Professor, College of Medicine</p><p>1238, Najaf Highway Front of Pole, 198, Karbala, Iraq</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moaedalgazally@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-7418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новочадов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novochadov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новочадов Валерий Валерьевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры биологии и биоинженерии</p><p>400062, Волгоград, пр. Университетский, 100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery V. Novochadov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Biology and Bioengineering</p><p>100, Universitetsky ave., Volgograd, 400062</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novochadov.valeriy@volsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Научно-исследовательский институт фармакологии и регенеративной медицины имени Е.Д. Гольдберга, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University; Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт фармакологии и регенеративной медицины имени Е.Д. Гольдберга, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State  Medical  University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Аль-Амид</institution><country>Ирак</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Al-Ameed</institution><country>Iraq</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>37</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хумаири А.Х., Удут В.В., Сперанский Д.Л., Аль-Газали М.О., Новочадов В.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хумаири А.Х., Удут В.В., Сперанский Д.Л., Аль-Газали М.О., Новочадов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Al-Humairi A.H., Udut V.V., Speransky D.L., Al-Gazally M.E., Novochadov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/1630">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/1630</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Работа направлена на изучение эффектов трех новых производных азолоазинов на окислительный метаболизм глюкозы, чтобы отобрать вещества с максимально приемлемыми характеристиками для дальнейшего доклинического изучения в качестве потенциальных противоопухолевых средств, в том числе для химиотерапии рака молочной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: выявить метаболические свойства новых производных азолоазинов в части их влияния на метаболизм глюкозы с использованием культуры опухолевых клеток MCF-7 и неопухолевых клеток Vero.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В работе использованы методы клеточных культур, все тестированные соединения применены в конечных концентрациях от 2,5 мкмоль/л. Препаратом сравнения был эпирубицин в той же концентрации. Основные биохимические методики включали в себя определение продукции лактата с помощью коммерческих наборов Olvex Diagnosticum и определение поглощения клетками кислорода с помощью анализатора клеточного метаболизма Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer. Результаты обработаны статистически.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Продукция лактата в культурах MCF-7 и Vero при действии циклогексил-4-оксоимидазо[5,1-d]-[1,2,3,5] тетразин-8-N-пиперидинил-карбоксамида уменьшалась более чем вдвое, а потребление кислорода – на 19–40%, что являлось максимальным эффектом среди изученных производных азолоазинов. Действие диэтилового эфира 4-аминоимидазо[5,1-с][1,2,4]триазин-3,8-дикарбоновой кислоты и 4-Амино-8-этоксикарбонил-имидазо[5,1-с][1,2,4]триазин-3-N-(п-толуил)-карбоксамида по своим метаболическим эффектам были сходны с препаратом сравнения эпирубицином. Они снижали продукцию лактата в культуре клеток MCF-7 на треть, в культуре клеток Vero – на 21–22%. Потребление кислорода в культуре клеток MCF-7 снижалось на 14–17%, в культуре клеток Vero – на 18–24%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют считать 3-Циклогексил-4-оксоимидазо[5,1-d]-[1,2,3,5]тетразин-8-N-пиперидинил-карбоксамид лидером среди новых производных азолоазинов и рекомендовать его для дальнейшего доклинического изучения в качестве потенциального противоопухолевого средства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The work presents the results of studying the effects of three new azoloazine derivatives on oxidative glucose metabolism in order to select substances with the most acceptable characteristics for further preclinical study as potential antitumor agents, including for breast cancer chemotherapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of the work is to identify the metabolic properties of new azoloazine derivatives in terms of their effect on glucose metabolism using a culture of MCF-7 tumor cells and Vero non-tumor cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. The testing on cell cultures was the main method used in the work, and all tested compounds were applied in final concentrations from 2.5 μmol/L. The comparison drug was epirubicin in the same concentration. The biochemical techniques included the determination of lactate production using commercial Olvex Diagnosticum kits and the determination of oxygen consumption by cells using the Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer for cellular metabolism. The results were processed statistically.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Lactate production in MCF-7 and Vero cell cultures decreased by more than half in the presence of 3-Cyclohexyl4-oxoimidazo[5,1-d]-[1,2,3,5]tetrazine-8-N-piperidinyl-carboxamide, and oxygen consumption decreased by 19-40%, which was the maximum effect among the studied azoloazine derivatives. Diethyl ether of 4-aminoimidazo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3,8dicarboxylic acid and 4-Amino-8-ethoxycarbonyl-imidazo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3-N-(p-toluyl)carboxamide were similar in their metabolic effects to the comparison drug epirubicin. They reduced lactate production in MCF-7 and Vero cell culture by a third and by 21–22%, respectively. Oxygen consumption in MCF-7 cell culture decreased by 14–17%, in Vero cell culture it decreased by 18–24%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to consider the (3-Cyclohexyl-4-oxoimidazo[5,1-d]-[1,2,3,5]tetrazine-8-N-piperidinylcarboxamide as the leader among new azoloazine derivatives and recommend it for further preclinical study as a potential antitumor agent.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>имидазотриазины</kwd><kwd>имидазотетразины</kwd><kwd>метаболическая активность</kwd><kwd>потребление кислорода</kwd><kwd>клеточная линия MCF-7</kwd><kwd>клеточная линия Vero</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>azolotriazines</kwd><kwd>azolotetrazines</kwd><kwd>metabolic activity</kwd><kwd>oxygen consumption</kwd><kwd>MCF-7 cell line</kwd><kwd>Vero cell line</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wild C.P., Weiderpass E., Stewart B.W. World Cancer Report: Cancer research for cancer prevention. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wild C.P., Weiderpass E., Stewart B.W. World Cancer Report: Cancer research for cancer prevention. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rositch A.F., Unger-Saldana K., DeBoer R.J., Ng’ang’a A., Weiner B.J. The role of dissemination and implementation science in global breast cancer control programs: Frameworks, methods, and examples. Cancer. 2020;126(10):2394–2404. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rositch A.F., Unger-Saldana K., DeBoer R.J., Ng’ang’a A., Weiner B.J. The role of dissemination and implementation science in global breast cancer control programs: Frameworks, methods, and examples. Cancer. 2020;126(10):2394–2404. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gradishar W.J., Anderson B.O., Abraham J., Aft R., Agnese D., Allison K.H. et al. Breast Cancer, Version 3.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw. 2020;18(4):452– 478. DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.0016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gradishar W.J., Anderson B.O., Abraham J., Aft R., Agnese D., Allison K.H. et al. Breast Cancer, Version 3.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw. 2020;18(4):452– 478. DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.0016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Y.P., Ward N.P., DeNicola G.M. Recent advances in cancer metabolism: A technological perspective. Exp. Mol. Med. 2018;50(4):1–16. DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0027-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Y.P., Ward N.P., DeNicola G.M. Recent advances in cancer metabolism: A technological perspective. Exp. Mol. Med. 2018;50(4):1–16. DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0027-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Sahli S., Wang L. Cancer stem cell-associated pathways in the metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21(23):9125. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Sahli S., Wang  L.  Cancer  stem  cell-associated  pathways in the metabolic reprogramming of breast  cancer.  Int.  J.  Mol. Sci. 2020;21(23):9125. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gentric G., Mieulet V., Mechta-Grigoriou F. Heterogeneity in cancer metabolism: New concepts in an old field. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2017;26(9):462–485. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gentric G., Mieulet V., Mechta-Grigoriou F. Heterogeneity in cancer metabolism: New concepts in an old field. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2017;26(9):462–485. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vander Heiden M.G., DeBerardinis R.J. Understanding the intersections between metabolism and cancer biology. Cell. 2017;168(4):657–669. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vander Heiden M.G., DeBerardinis R.J. Understanding the intersections between metabolism and cancer biology. Cell. 2017;168(4):657–669. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhardwaj V., He J. Reactive oxygen species, metabolic plasticity, and drug resistance in cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21(10):3412. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhardwaj V., He J. Reactive oxygen species, metabolic plasticity, and drug resistance in cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21(10):3412. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park J.H., Pyun W.Y., Park H.W. Cancer metabolism: phenotype, signaling and therapeutic targets. Cells. 2020;9(10):2308. DOI: 10.3390/cells9102308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park J.H., Pyun W.Y., Park H.W. Cancer metabolism: phenotype, signaling and therapeutic targets. Cells. 2020;9(10):2308. DOI: 10.3390/cells9102308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garza-Morales R., Gonzalez-Ramos R., Chiba A., Montes de Oca-Luna R., McNally L.R., McMasters K.M. et al. Temozolomide enhan ces triple-negative breast cancer virotherapy in vitro. Cancers (Basel).2018;10(5):144. DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garza-Morales R., Gonzalez-Ramos R., Chiba A., Montes de Oca-Luna R., McNally L.R., McMasters K.M. et al. Temozolomide enhan ces triple-negative breast cancer virotherapy in vitro. Cancers (Basel).2018;10(5):144. DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хумаири А.Х., Сперанский Д.Л., Садчикова Е.В. Синтез и цитотоксическая активность новых производных азолотриазина при изучении на клеточных культурах. Химико-фармацевтический журнал. 2022;56(6):17–22. DOI: 10.30906/0023-1134-2022-56-6-17-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Humairi A.H., Speransky D.L., Sadchikova E.V. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of new azolotriazines studied on cell cultures. Khimiko-farmatsevticheskii zhurnal. 2022;56(6):17–22. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.30906/0023-1134-2022-56-6-17-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexeeva D.L., Sadchikova E.V., Volkova N.N., Efimov I.V., Jacobs J., Van Meervelt L. et al. Reactivity of 3-substituted pyrazole-5-diazonium salts towards 3-azolyl enamines. Synthesis of novel 3-azolylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines. ARKIVOC. 2016;(iv):114–129. DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.p009.571.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexeeva D.L., Sadchikova E.V., Volkova N.N., Efimov I.V., Jacobs J., Van Meervelt L. et al. Reactivity of 3-substituted pyrazole-5-diazonium salts towards 3-azolyl enamines. Synthesis of novel 3-azolylpyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines. ARKIVOC. 2016;(iv):114–129. DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.p009.571.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexandrova R., Dinev D., Gavrilova-Valchеva I., Gavrilov I. Cell cultures as model systems in breast cancer research. Merit Res. J. Med. Med. Sci. 2019;7(2):73–79. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2579323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandrova R., Dinev D., Gavrilova-Valchеva I., Gavrilov I. Cell cultures as model systems in breast cancer research. Merit Res. J. Med. Med. Sci. 2019;7(2):73–79. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2579323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreani N.A., Renzi S., Piovani G., Ajmone Marsan P., Bomba L., Villa R. et al. Potential neoplastic evolution of Vero cells: In vivo and in vitro characterization. Cytotechnology. 2017;69(5):741–750. DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0082-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreani N.A., Renzi S., Piovani G., Ajmone Marsan P., Bomba L., Villa R. et al. Potential neoplastic evolution of Vero cells: In vivo and in vitro characterization. Cytotechnology. 2017;69(5):741–750. DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0082-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Traba J., Miozzo P., Akkaya B., Pierce S.K., Akkaya M. An optimized protocol to analyze glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in lymphocytes. J. Vis. Exp. 2016;(117):54918. DOI: 10.3791/54918.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Traba J., Miozzo P., Akkaya B., Pierce S.K., Akkaya M. An optimized protocol to analyze glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in lymphocytes. J. Vis. Exp. 2016;(117):54918. DOI: 10.3791/54918.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katzir R., Polat I.H., Harel M., Katz S., Foguet C., Selivanov V.A. et al. The landscape of tiered regulation of breast cancer cell metabolism. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):17760. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54221-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katzir R., Polat I.H., Harel M., Katz S., Foguet C., Selivanov V.A. et al. The landscape of tiered regulation of breast cancer cell metabolism. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):17760. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54221-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cairns R.A., Mak T.W. The current state of cancer metabolism. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2016;16:613–614. DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cairns R.A., Mak T.W. The current state of cancer metabolism. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2016;16:613–614. DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramzan R., Michels S., Weber P., Rhiel A., Irqsusi M., Rastan A.J. et al. Protamine sulfate induces mitochondrial hyperpolarization and a subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species production. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2019;370(2):308–317. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramzan R., Michels S., Weber P., Rhiel A., Irqsusi M., Rastan A.J. et al. Protamine sulfate induces mitochondrial hyperpolarization and a subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species production. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2019;370(2):308–317. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257725.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zambrano A., Molt M., Uribe E., Salas M. Glut 1 in cancer cells and the inhibitory action of resveratrol as a potential therapeutic strategy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019;20(13):3374. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133374.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zambrano A., Molt M., Uribe E., Salas M. Glut 1 in cancer cells and the inhibitory action of resveratrol as a potential therapeutic strategy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019;20(13):3374. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
