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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2024-39-1-178-183</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-2198</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние физической нагрузки различной степени интенсивности на гипертрофию кардиомиоцитов и на полиплоидию миокарда крыс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of physical activity of varying intensity on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial polyploidy in rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8930-5537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышев</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyshev</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малышев Игорь Иванович, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры физиологии и патологии</p><p>424000, Йошкар-Ола, пл. Ленина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor I. Malyshev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Physiology and Pathology</p><p>1, Lenina pl., Yoshkar-Ola, 424000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malichev_med@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3259-3691</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альпидовская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alpidovskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альпидовская Ольга Васильевна, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры общей и клинической морфологии и судебной медицины</p><p>428015, Чебоксары, Московский пр., 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Alpidovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of General and Clinical Morphology and Forensic Medicine</p><p>15, Moskovsky pr., Cheboksary, 428015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olavorobeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-8490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романова Любовь Петровна, канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии с курсом гигиены</p><p>428015, Чебоксары, Московский пр., 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov P. Romanova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology with a Hygiene Course</p><p>15, Moskovsky pr., Cheboksary, 428015</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samung2008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Марийский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mari State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова (ЧГУ им. И.Н. Ульянова)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanova</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>183</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малышев И.И., Альпидовская О.В., Романова Л.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малышев И.И., Альпидовская О.В., Романова Л.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malyshev I.I., Alpidovskaya O.V., Romanova L.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2198">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2198</self-uri><abstract><p>Регулярные физические нагрузки улучшают когнитивные функции, снижают риск преждевременной смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, инсульта, диабета и улучшают качество жизни.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: исследование морфологических показателей кардиомиоцитов левого желудочка (ЛЖ) сердца и пролиферативной активности кардиомиоцитов крыс при физической нагрузке разной интенсивности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В качестве опытных животных взяты беспородные самцы крыс (n = 30), которых разделили на три серии. Первой серии крыс давали легкую физическую нагрузку – животные плавали в ванне 15 мин. Животные второй серии находились в ванне в течение 30 мин (средняя тяжесть), третья серия – животные плавали в ванной до тех пор, пока они не начинали терять силы и тонуть (55–59 мин после нахождения животных в воде). Животных выводили из эксперимента после 10 сеансов водной нагрузки. Часть крыс (по 5 животных на серию) забивали через 30 сут после окончания эксперимента. После извлечения сердце окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином, определяли количество ДНК в ядрах кардиомиоцитов, подсчитывали двуядерные и Ki-67-позитивные клетки, измеряли диаметр кардиомиоцитов. Статистический анализ проводили в программе STATISTICA 10.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При гистологическом исследовании изменения выявлялись только в миокарде ЛЖ крыс третьей серии: резко выраженные дистрофические изменения кардиомиоцитов. Встречались клетки с некробиозом, очаговые некрозы групп кардиомиоцитов. Наибольший уровень полиплоидии кардиомиоцитов имел место во второй и третьей сериях (соотношение диплоидных и тетраплоидных кардиомиоцитов в контроле соответствовало 91,6 ± 7,4%; 8,2 ± 6,3%). В этих сериях отмечалось и изменение количества двуядерных клеток (в контроле – 12,7 ± 1,9‰). Во всех сериях Кi67 – положительные ядра не выявлены.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тяжелая физическая нагрузка приводит к структурным нарушениям миокарда, стойкой гипертрофии кардиомиоцитов и сопровождается снижением пролиферативной активности кардиомиоцитов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Regular exercise improves cognitive function, reduces the risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and improves quality of life.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To study the morphological parameters of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle of the heart and the proliferative activity of rat cardiomyocytes during physical activity of different intensity.</p><p>Methodology and Research Methods. Outbred male rats (n = 30) were taken as experimental animals and divided into three series. The first series of rats were given light physical activity – the animals swam in the bath for 15 minutes. The animals of the second series were in the bath for 30 minutes (moderate severity), the third series were in the bath until they began to lose strength and sink (in 55–59 minutes). Animals were taken out of the experiment after 10 sessions of water loading. Some rats (5 animals per series) were slaughtered 30 days after the end of the experiment. After extraction, the heart was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the amount of DNA in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes was determined, binuclear and Ki-67 positive cells were counted, and the diameter of cardiomyocytes was measured. Statistical analysis was carried out in the program “Statistica 10.0”.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Histological examination revealed changes only in the myocardium of the left ventricle of rats of the third series: pronounced dystrophic changes in cardiomyocytes. There were cells with necrobiosis, focal necrosis of groups of cardiomyocytes. The highest level of cardiomyocyte polyploidy occurred in the second and third series (the ratio of diploid and tetraploid cardiomyocytes in the control corresponded to 91.6 ± 7.4%; 8.2±6.3%). In these series, there was also a change in the number of binuclear cells (in the control – 12.7 ± 1.9‰). In all series of Ki-67 positive nuclei were not detected.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Severe physical activity leads to structural disorders of the myocardium, persistent hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and is accompanied by a decrease in the proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>физическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>гипертрофия</kwd><kwd>полиплоидия</kwd><kwd>двуядерные кардиомиоциты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>hypertrophy</kwd><kwd>polyploidy</kwd><kwd>binuclear cardiomyocytes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова А.Д., Новицкий А.В., Шмойлова А.С., Шварц Ю.Г. Риск внезапной сердечной смерти у занимающихся силовыми нагрузками. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(4S):4394. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova A.D., Novitsky A.V., Shmoylova A.S., Shvarts Yu.G. 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