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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2024-39-2-166-174</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-2320</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистопатологические параллели в нативных створках аортальных клапанов и биопротезах  митральных клапанов при инфекционном эндокардите и приобретенных пороках развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Histopathological parallels in infective endocarditis and degenerative defects of native heart valves and their bioprostheses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-8732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицкая</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синицкая Анна Викторовна, канд. биол. наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория геномной медицины, отдел экспериментальной медицины</p><p>650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Sinitskaya, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Research Scientist, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine</p><p>6, Academician Barbarash bulvar, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cepoav1991@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6099-0315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюнин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyunin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костюнин Александр Евгеньевич, канд. биол. наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория новых биоматериалов, отдел экспериментальной медицины</p><p>650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Kostyunin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Research Scientist, Laboratory of New Biomaterials</p><p>6, Academician Barbarash bulvar, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rhabdophis_tigrina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-2495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асанов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asanov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асанов Максим Айдарович, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория геномной медицины, отдел экспериментальной медицины</p><p>650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Asanov, Junior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine</p><p>6, Academician Barbarash bulvar, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asmaks988@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-4080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуторная</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khutornaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хуторная Мария Владимировна, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория геномной медицины, отдел экспериментальной медицины</p><p>650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya V. Khutornaya, Junior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine</p><p>6, Academician Barbarash bulvar, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masha_hut@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поддубняк</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poddubnyak</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поддубняк Алена Олеговна, лаборант-исследователь, лаборатория геномной медицины, отдел экспериментальной медицины</p><p>650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena O. Poddubnyak, Laboratory Assistant Researcher, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine</p><p>6, Academician Barbarash bulvar, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alyona.poddubnyak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-2863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понасенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponasenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Понасенко Анастасия Валериевна, канд. мед. наук, заведующий лабораторией геномной медицины, отдел экспериментальной медицины</p><p>650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Ponasenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Laboratory of Genomic Medicine</p><p>6, Academician Barbarash bulvar, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ponaav@kemcardio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (НИИ КПССЗ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBI Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Синицкая А.В., Костюнин А.Е., Асанов М.А., Хуторная М.В., Поддубняк А.О., Понасенко А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синицкая А.В., Костюнин А.Е., Асанов М.А., Хуторная М.В., Поддубняк А.О., Понасенко А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinitskaya A.V., Kostyunin A.E., Asanov M.A., Khutornaya M.V., Poddubnyak A.O., Ponasenko A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2320">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2320</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Возрастает потребность в пристальном изучении гистопатологических событий и механизмов, сопровождающих инфекционный процесс в нативных клапанах сердца и их биологических протезах (БП) в связи с изменчивостью клинической картины инфекционного эндокардита (ИЭ).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучение клеточной инфильтрации пораженных инфекцией аортальных клапанов (АК) и БП, а также поиск общих физиологических особенностей или различий нативных и протезных клапанов, имеющих дегенеративные изменения в створчатом аппарате.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследованы створки нативных АК, удаленных по причине ИЭ (n = 10) или кальцинирующего аортального стеноза (КАС) (n = 11), а также створки БП, удаленные из митральной позиции при репротезировании из-за ИЭ (n = 5) или структурной дегенерации (СД) (n = 10). Гистологические срезы подготавливали на микротомкриостате. Методом иммуногистохимического анализа проводили типирование клеток путем окрашивания антителами к маркерам CD45, CD68 CD3, CD19, MPO, CD31. Путем окрашивания гистологических срезов по Граму осуществляли визуализацию бактерий. Экспрессию миелопероксидазы (MPO) в исследуемых образцах определяли методом вестерн-блоттинга.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Ткани нативных АК с ИЭ характеризуются колониями грамположительных кокков, а также скоплениями грамотрицательных палочковидных бактерий. В БП с признаками СД встречались смешанные колонии, состоящие из грамположительных кокков и грамотрицательных палочек. Иммунофенотипирование продемонстрировало инфильтрацию клеток лейкоцитарного ряда (CD45+) во всех изученных клапанах. В створках АК и БП с инфекционным поражением, а также БП с признаками СД воспалительные инфильтраты состояли из макрофагов (CD68+) и нейтрофилов (MPO+), а также единичных T-лимфоцитов (CD3+). В кальцинированных АК нейтрофилы отсутствовали, а скопления иммунных клеток представлены макрофагами и единичными Т-лимфоцитами. В обоих группах АК в фиброзном слое отмечены единичные CD31+ (маркер эндотелия сосудов) клетки. Наибольшая экспрессия MPO наблюдалась в створках АК с ИЭ по сравнению с другими исследуемыми створками.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для АК, пораженных инфекцией, характерна агрессивная инфильтрация нейтрофилами по сравнению с нативными клапанами с КАС. В створках БП также выявлены нейтрофилы и бактериальные агенты вне зависимости от диагностированного ИЭ. Эти наблюдения указывают на вовлеченность бактериальной инвазии в развитие СД биологического элемента БП и свидетельствуют о необходимости подробного изучения этого явления.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Detailed study of the histopathological events and mechanisms accompanying the infectious process in native heart valves and their biological prostheses is very important due to the variability of clinical manifestation of infective endocarditis (IE).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To study cellular infiltration of aortic heart valves (AVs) and bioprosthetic heart valves (BPs) affected by infection, as well as to search for common patterns or differences of native and BPs characterized by degenerative changes in the leaflet apparatus.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. We studied the leaflets of AVs affected IE (n = 10) or calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) (n = 11), as well as the leaflets of BPs affected by IE (n = 5) or structural valve degeneration (SVD) (n = 10) and removed from the mitral position during re-prosthetics surgery. Histological sections were prepared using a cryostat microtome. Cell typing was performed by staining with antibodies to the CD45, CD68 CD3, CD19, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CD31 markers using immunohistochemical analysis. Bacteria were visualized by Gram staining of histological sections. The expression of MPO in the studied samples was determined by Western blotting.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Colonies of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria were registered into native AKs affected by IE. BPs affected by SVD are characterized by the presence of mixed colonies of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. Immunophenotyping demonstrated leukocyte infiltration (CD45+) in all studied heart valves. AVs and BPs with infectious lesions and BPs affected by SVD were characterized by inflammatory infiltrates included macrophages (CD68+), neutrophils (MPO+) and single T-lymphocytes (CD3+). In calcified AVs, we found no neutrophils; the clusters of immune cells were represented by macrophages and single T-lymphocytes. In both groups of AVs, single cells positive for the vascular endothelial marker CD31 were noted in the fibrous layer. The highest expression of MPO was observed in AVs affected by IE in comparison to other studied valves.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. AVs affected by infection compared to native heart valves affected by CAS are characterized by aggressive infiltration by neutrophils. Neutrophils and bacterial agents were also detected in BPs regardless of the diagnosed IE. These results indicate the involvement of bacterial invasion in the development of SVD of the biological element of BPs and indicate the necessarily for a detailed study of this phenomenon.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клапаны сердца</kwd><kwd>биологические протезы клапанов сердца</kwd><kwd>инфекционный эндокардит</kwd><kwd>кальцинирующий аортальный стеноз</kwd><kwd>структурная дегенерация клапанов</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>вестерн-блоттинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart valves</kwd><kwd>biological prosthetic heart valves</kwd><kwd>infective endocarditis</kwd><kwd>calcific aortic stenosis</kwd><kwd>structural valve degeneration</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>immunoblotting</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено на средства гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-75- 10020 «Молекулярно-генетические основы патогенеза инфекционного эндокардита нативных клапанов сердца и их биопротезов», https://rscf.ru/project/23-75-10020/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was supported by the Grant of Russian Science Foundation No. 23-75-10020 “Molecular genetic basis of the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis in native and bioprosthetic heart valves”, https://rscf.ru/project/23-75-10020/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coffey S., Roberts-Thomson R., Brown A., Carapetis J., Chen M., Enriquez-Sarano M. et al. 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