<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2024-776</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-2367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика субпопуляций моноцитов периферической крови больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-1245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сугайло</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sugaуlo</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сугайло Ивана Юрьевна, канд. мед. наук, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivana Yu. Sugaylo, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Junior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanka_888@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-8755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наумов Денис Евгеньевич, канд. мед. наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis E. Naumov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denn1985@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-2596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котова Олеся Олеговна, канд. мед. наук, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya O. Kotova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Junior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">foxy_voxy_on@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3718-9962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гассан</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gassan</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гассан Дина Анатольевна, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina A. Gassan, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Research Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dani-shi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-2646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горчакова</surname><given-names>Я. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorchakova</surname><given-names>Ya. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горчакова Яна Геннадьевна, лаборант-исследователь, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana G. Gorchakova, Research Assistant, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yana.janet.gorchakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-5198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелудько</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheludko</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шелудько Елизавета Григорьевна, канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярных и трансляционных исследований</p><p>675000, Благовещенск, ул. Калинина, 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta G. Sheludko, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Research Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Research</p><p>22, Kalinina Str., Blagoveshchensk, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liza.sheludko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук (ДНЦ ФПД)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Выпуск 2024_4</issue-title><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сугайло И.Ю., Наумов Д.Е., Котова О.О., Гассан Д.А., Горчакова Я.Г., Шелудько Е.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сугайло И.Ю., Наумов Д.Е., Котова О.О., Гассан Д.А., Горчакова Я.Г., Шелудько Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sugaуlo I.Y., Naumov D.E., Kotova O.O., Gassan D.A., Gorchakova Y.G., Sheludko E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2367">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2367</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Моноциты, являясь предшественниками макрофагов, играют важную роль в патогенезе хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). Традиционно  выделяют  классические  (CD14++/CD16–), промежуточные (CD14++CD16+) и неклассические (CD14+/CD16++) субпопуляции моноцитов, отличающиеся различными функциональными характеристиками.</p><p>Цель и масштаб исследования: исследовать количественное соотношение циркулирующих субпопуляций моноцитов у больных ХОБЛ, выявить их возможную взаимосвязь с показателями функции внешнего дыхания и гуморальными маркерами воспаления.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследованы 47 больных ХОБЛ, преимущественно II–III степени тяжести по GOLD (основная группа), и 25 лиц, не имевших бронхиальной обструкции (контрольная группа). Субпопуляции моноцитов определяли методом проточной цитометрии. Концентрации цитокинов в плазме крови измеряли с помощью мультиплексного анализа на проточном цитофлуориметре.  Функцию  внешнего  дыхания  оценивали  методом спирометрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У больных ХОБЛ по сравнению с контрольной группой наблюдали сниженное количество неклассических моноцитов (10,5 (6,7–15,1)% против 14,4 (8,3–18,4)%, p = 0,04). Большее содержание классических моноцитов было ассоциировано с более выраженным снижением бронхиальной проходимости (ОФВ1 ρ = –0,37; p = 0,007), тогда как для промежуточных моноцитов была характерна прямая взаимосвязь с ОФВ1 (ρ = 0,42; p = 0,003). Число неклассических моноцитов в основной группе имело обратную корреляцию с концентрациями цитокинов (IL-4 ρ = –0,30; p = 0,04; IL-2 ρ = – 0,36; p = 0,01; IL-1β ρ = –0,35; p = 0,02; TNF-α ρ = –0,47; p &lt; 0,001; IL-17A ρ = – 0,34; p = 0,02; IL-6 ρ = –0,32; p = 0,03; IL-10 ρ = –0,34; p = 0,02; IFN-γ ρ = –0,35; p = 0,01; IL-12p70 ρ = –0,30; p = 0,04; IL-8 ρ = –0,40; p = 0,004).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты указывают на дефицит неклассических моноцитов у больных ХОБЛ, что может способствовать системному воспалительному ответу. В то же время классические формы моноцитов могут быть вовлечены в формирование бронхиальной обструкции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Rationale</title><p>Rationale. As the precursors of macrophages, monocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Traditionally, classical (CD14++CD16–), intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) subpopulations of monocytes are distinguished, which differ in their functional characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To study the relative amount of circulating subpopulations of monocytes in patients with COPD and to identify their possible relationship with pulmonary function and humoral inflammatory markers.</p><p>Methodology and Research Methods. The study enrolled 47 patients with COPD, predominantly GOLD II-III, and 25 individuals without bronchial obstruction (control group). Monocyte subpopulations were determined by flow cytometry. Plasma cytokine concentrations were measured using a multiplex assay on a flow cytometer. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A reduced number of non-classical monocytes was observed in COPD patients as compared to the control group (10.5 (6.7–15.1)% vs. 14.4 (8.3–18.4)%, p = 0.04). Higher content of classical monocytes was associated with a more pronounced decrease in bronchial patency (FEV1 ρ = –0.37, p = 0.007), while intermediate monocytes were characterized by a direct relationship with FEV1 (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.003). The number of non-classical monocytes in the main group had an inverse correlation with cytokine concentrations (IL-4 ρ = –0.30, p = 0.04; IL-2 ρ = –0.36, p = 0.01; IL-1β ρ = –0.35, p = 0.02; TNF-α ρ = –0.47, p &lt; 0.001; IL-17A ρ = –0.34, p = 0.02; IL-6 ρ = –0.32, p = 0.03; IL-10 ρ = –0.34, p = 0.02; IFN-γ ρ = – 0.35, p = 0.01; IL-12p70 ρ = –0.30, p = 0.04; IL-8 ρ = –0.40, p = 0.004).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained results indicate a deficiency of non-classical monocytes in COPD patients, which may contribute to systemic inflammatory response, while classical forms of monocytes may be involved in the formation of bronchial obstruction.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>субпопуляции моноцитов</kwd><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>monocytes</kwd><kwd>subpopulations</kwd><kwd>COPD</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках программы фундаментальных исследований Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (FGWF-2022-0005).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the Program for Basic Research (FGWF- 2022-0005).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boers E., Barrett M., Su J.G., Benjafield A.V., Sinha S., Kaye L. et al. Global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through 2050. JAMA Netw. Open. 2023;6(12):2346598. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boers E., Barrett M., Su J.G., Benjafield A.V., Sinha S., Kaye L. et al. Global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through 2050. JAMA Netw. Open. 2023;6(12):2346598. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez-Rubio G., Cordoba-Lanus E., Cupertino P., Cartujano-Barrera F., Campos M.A., Falfán-Valencia R. Role of genetic susceptibility in nicotine addiction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rev. Invest. Clin. 2019;71:36–54. DOI: 10.24875/RIC.18002617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pérez-Rubio G., Cordoba-Lanus E., Cupertino P., Cartujano-Barrera F., Campos M.A., Falfán-Valencia R. Role of genetic susceptibility in nicotine addiction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rev. Invest. Clin. 2019;71:36–54. DOI: 10.24875/RIC.18002617.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee Y., Song J., Jeong Y., Choi E., Ahn C, Jang W. Meta-analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data for depicting the transcriptomic landscape of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comput. Biol. Med. 2023;167:107685. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107685.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee Y., Song J., Jeong Y., Choi E., Ahn C, Jang W. Meta-analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data for depicting the transcriptomic landscape of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comput. Biol. Med. 2023;167:107685. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107685.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams H., Mack C., Baraz R., Marimuthu R., Naralashetty S., Li S. et al. Monocyte differentiation and heterogeneity: Inter-subset and interindividual differences. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24(10):8757. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams H., Mack C., Baraz R., Marimuthu R., Naralashetty S., Li S. et al. Monocyte differentiation and heterogeneity: Inter-subset and interindividual differences. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24(10):8757. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калашникова А.А., Ворошилова Т.М., Чиненова Л.В., Давыдова Н.И., Калинина Н.М. Субпопуляции моноцитов у здоровых лиц и у пациентов с сепсисом. Медицинская иммунология. 2018;20(6):815–824. DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-2018-6-815-824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalashnikova A., Voroshilova T., Chinenova L., Davydova N.I., Kalinina N.M. Monocyte subsets in healthy adults and sepsis patients. Medical Immunology. Meditsinskaya Immunologiya. 2018;20(6):815–824. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15789/1563-0625-2018-6-815-824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evren E., Ringqvist E., Tripathi K.P., Sleiers N., Rives I.C., Alisjahbana A. et al. Distinct developmental pathways from blood monocytes generate human lung macrophage diversity. Immunity. 2021;54(2):259–275.e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evren E., Ringqvist E., Tripathi K.P., Sleiers N., Rives I.C., Alisjahbana A. et al. Distinct developmental pathways from blood monocytes generate human lung macrophage diversity. Immunity. 2021;54(2):259–275.e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.12.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vishnyakova P., Poltavets A., Karpulevich E., Maznina A., Vtorushina V., Mikhaleva L. et al. The response of two polar monocyte subsets to inflammation. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021;139:111614. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111614.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vishnyakova P., Poltavets A., Karpulevich E., Maznina A., Vtorushina V., Mikhaleva L. et al. The response of two polar monocyte subsets to inflammation. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021;139:111614. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111614.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szaflarska A., Baj-Krzyworzeka M., Siedlar M., Weglarczyk K., Ruggiero I., Hajto B. et al. Antitumorfront response of CD14+/CD16+ monocyte subpopulation. Exp. Hematol. 2004;32:748–755. DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.05.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szaflarska A., Baj-Krzyworzeka M., Siedlar M., Weglarczyk K., Ruggiero I., Hajto B. et al. Antitumorfront response of CD14+/CD16+ monocyte subpopulation. Exp. Hematol. 2004;32:748–755. DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.05.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skrzeczyńska-Moncznik J., Bzowska M., Loseke S., Grage-Griebenow E., Zembala M., Pryjma J. Peripheral blood CD14high CD16+ monocytes are main producers of IL-10. Scand. J. Immunol. 2008;67(2):152–159. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02051.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skrzeczyńska-Moncznik J., Bzowska M., Loseke S., Grage-Griebenow E., Zembala M., Pryjma J. Peripheral blood CD14high CD16+ monocytes are main producers of IL-10. Scand. J. Immunol. 2008;67(2):152–159. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02051.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Italiani P., Boraschi D. From monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages: Phenotypical vs. functional differentiation. Front. Immunol. 2014;5:514 DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Italiani P., Boraschi D. From monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages: Phenotypical vs. functional differentiation. Front. Immunol. 2014;5:514 DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whyte C.E., Tumes D.J., Liston A., Burton O.T. Do more with less: Improving high parameter cytometry through overnight staining. Curr. Protoc. 2022; 2(11):e589. DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.589.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whyte C.E., Tumes D.J., Liston A., Burton O.T. Do more with less: Improving high parameter cytometry through overnight staining. Curr. Protoc. 2022; 2(11):e589. DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.589.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чумакова С.П., Винс М.В., Уразова О.И., Азарова Д.А., Шипулин В.М., Пряхин А.С. и др. Субпопуляции моноцитов крови у больных с генерализованной гипоксией. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2019;18(1):277–285. DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2019-1-277-285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chumakova S.P., Vins M.V., Urazova O.I. Azarova D.A., Shipulin V.M., Pryakhin A.S. et al. Subpopulations of blood monocytes in patients with generalized hypoxia. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2019;18(1):277–285. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2019-1-277-285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornwell W.D., Kim V., Fan X., Vega M.E., Ramsey F.V., Criner G.J. et al. Activation and polarization of circulating monocytes in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm. Med. 2018;15;18(1):101. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0664-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornwell W.D., Kim V., Fan X., Vega M.E., Ramsey F.V., Criner G.J. et al. Activation and polarization of circulating monocytes in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm. Med. 2018;15;18(1):101. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0664-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Day A., Barnes P., Donelly L. Monocyte sub-populations do not reflect differences in COPD macrophage phenotype. Eur. Respir. J. 2015;46:PA383. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA383.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Day A., Barnes P., Donelly L. Monocyte sub-populations do not reflect differences in COPD macrophage phenotype. Eur. Respir. J. 2015;46:PA383. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA383.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stolk J., Aggarwal N., Hochnadel I., Wrenger S., Martinez-Delgado B., Welte T. et al. Blood monocyte profiles in COPD patients with PiMM and PiZZ α&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-antitrypsin. Respir. Med. 2019;148:60–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.02.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stolk J., Aggarwal N., Hochnadel I., Wrenger S., Martinez-Delgado B., Welte T. et al. Blood monocyte profiles in COPD patients with PiMM and PiZZ α&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-antitrypsin. Respir. Med. 2019;148:60–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.02.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu Y., Shao X., Xing L., Li X., Nonis G.M., Koelwyn G.J. et al. Single-cell sequencing of lung macrophages and monocytes reveals novel therapeutic targets in COPD. Cells. 2023;12(24):2771. DOI: 10.3390/cells12242771.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu Y., Shao X., Xing L., Li X., Nonis G.M., Koelwyn G.J. et al. Single-cell sequencing of lung macrophages and monocytes reveals novel therapeutic targets in COPD. Cells. 2023;12(24):2771. DOI: 10.3390/cells12242771.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aldonyte R., Jansson L., Piitulainen E., Janciauskiene S. Circulating monocytes from healthy individuals and COPD patients. Respir. Res. 2003;4(1):11. DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-4-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aldonyte R., Jansson L., Piitulainen E., Janciauskiene S. Circulating monocytes from healthy individuals and COPD patients. Respir. Res. 2003;4(1):11. DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-4-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chimen M., Yates C.M., McGettrick H.M., Ward L.S., Harrison M.J., Apta B. et al. Monocyte subsets coregulate inflammatory responses by integrated signaling through TNF and IL-6 at the endothelial cell interface. J. Immunol. 2017;198:2834–2843. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chimen M., Yates C.M., McGettrick H.M., Ward L.S., Harrison M.J., Apta B. et al. Monocyte subsets coregulate inflammatory responses by integrated signaling through TNF and IL-6 at the endothelial cell interface. J. Immunol. 2017;198:2834–2843. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin C.H., Li Y.R., Lin P.R., Wang B.Y., Lin S.H., Huang K.Y. et al. Blood monocyte levels predict the risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective case-control study. Sci. Rep. 2022;12(1):21057. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25520-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin C.H., Li Y.R., Lin P.R., Wang B.Y., Lin S.H., Huang K.Y. et al. Blood monocyte levels predict the risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective case-control study. Sci. Rep. 2022;12(1):21057. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25520-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Öz H.H., Cheng E.C., Di Pietro C., Tebaldi T., Biancon G., Zeiss C. et al. Recruited monocytes/macrophages drive pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and irreversible lung tissue remodeling in cystic fibrosis. Cell Rep. 2022;41(11):111797. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111797.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Öz H.H., Cheng E.C., Di Pietro C., Tebaldi T., Biancon G., Zeiss C. et al. Recruited monocytes/macrophages drive pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and irreversible lung tissue remodeling in cystic fibrosis. Cell Rep. 2022;41(11):111797. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111797.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
