cardiotomskСибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медициныSiberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine2713-29272713-265XTSU publishing10.29001/2073-8552-2024-39-4-38-46cardiotomsk-2413Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESПрименение диффузионных камер для макрокапсуляции клеток: от концепции до клинических испытаний (обзор литературы)Application of diffusion chambers for cell macroencapsulation: from concept to clinical trials (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-7562МарзольЕ. А.MarzolE. A.

Марзоль Екатерина Александровна, аспирант, кафедра морфологии и общей патологии, старший преподаватель, кафедра анатомии человека с курсом топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии;младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория клеточных и микрофлюидных технологий, 

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

Ekaterina A. Marzol, Graduate Student, Department of Morphology and General Pathology; Senior Lecturer, Department of Human Anatomy with a course of Topographical Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Junior Research Scientist, Laboratory for Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, 

2, Moskovsky tract, Tomsk, 634050

Katya4803@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-0817ДворниченкоМ. В.DvornichenkoM. V.

Дворниченко Марина Владимировна, д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра анатомии человека с курсом топографической анатомии и оперативной хирургии; научный сотрудник, лаборатория клеточных и микрофлюидных технологий,

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

Marina V. Dvornichenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Human Anatomy with the course of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery; Research Scientist, Laboratory for Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, 

2, Moskovsky tract, Tomsk, 634050

dochic@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-8980-7967ЗиновьевЕ. А.ZinovyevE. A.

Зиновьев Егор Андреевич, лаборант-исследователь, лаборатория клеточных и микрофлюидных технологий,

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

Egor A. Zinovyev, Research Assistant, Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, 

2, Moskovsky tract, Tomsk, 634050

egorzinovyev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-8638-398XЖернаковД. Е.ZhernakovD. E.

Жернаков Данил Евгеньевич, студент 3-го курса, лечебный факультет, 

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

Danil E. Zhernakov, third-year Student, Medical Faculty,

2, Moskovsky tract, Tomsk, 634050

zhernackovdanil@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-8452ХлусовИ. А.KhlusovI. A.

Хлусов Игорь Альбертович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра морфологии и общей патологии,

заведующий лабораторией клеточных и микрофлюидных технологий,

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

Igor A. Khlusov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Morphology and General Pathology; Head of the Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, 

2, Moskovsky tract, Tomsk, 634050

khlusov63@mail.ruСибирский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (СибГМУ Минздрава России)РоссияSiberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (SSMU)Russian Federation202405122024394Выпуск 2024_43846Copyright © Марзоль Е.А., Дворниченко М.В., Зиновьев Е.А., Жернаков Д.Е., Хлусов И.А., 20252025Марзоль Е.А., Дворниченко М.В., Зиновьев Е.А., Жернаков Д.Е., Хлусов И.А.Marzol E.A., Dvornichenko M.V., Zinovyev E.A., Zhernakov D.E., Khlusov I.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2413

Макрокапсуляция клеток позволяет изолировать донорский биоматериал от влияния организма реципиента. Степень изоляции может варьироваться от механического отграничения клеток донора в пределах сайта имплантации до полной иммунной изоляции пересаживаемого биологического материала. Диффузионная камера стала первым устройством, использованным для макрокапсуляции. Начальный этап исследования данной методики был направлен на расширение спектра имплантации клеток и тканей в аллогенных и ксеногенных моделях и на уточнение механизмов, лежащих в основе реакции отторжения трансплантата. В дальнейшем конструкция диффузионной камеры претерпела ряд изменений, которые обусловили современное применение метода макрокапсуляции. Производное диффузионной камеры – инженерная камера в комплексе с артериовенозным шунтом (АВШ) используется как инструмент тканевого моделирования для создания мягкотканевых лоскутов различного состава с осевым типом кровоснабжения. Альтернативная конструкция проточной камеры позволяет формировать мягкотканевые лоскуты на интактных сосудах. Инженерная камера также используется для выращивания различных видов тканей и фрагментов органов (сердечная поперечнополосатая мышечная ткань, лимфоидная ткань, фрагменты печени, тимуса, поджелудочной железы). Отдельным направлением в изучении спектра практического применения диффузионной камеры является разработка и апробация методов трансплантации островковых клеток поджелудочной железы в организм животных при создании алло- и ксеногенных экспериментальных моделей для лечения сахарного диабета. Некоторые устройства уже проходят клинические испытания и доступны в виде продукта для проведения экспериментальных исследований.

Macroencapsulation of cells allows to isolate the donor biomaterial from the influence of the recipient’s organism. The degree of isolation can vary from mechanical isolation of donor cells within the implantation site to complete immune isolation of the transplanted biological material. The diffusion chamber was the first device used for macroencapsulation. The initial stage of research of this technique was aimed at expanding the range of cell and tissue implantation in allogenic and xenogenic models and clarifying the mechanisms underlying the graft rejection reaction. Later the design of the diffusion chamber underwent a number of changes that determined the modern application of the macroencapsulation method. The derivative of the diffusion chamber – the engineering chamber in complex with the arterio-venous shunt is used as a tissue modeling tool for creation of soft tissue flaps of different composition with the axial type of blood supply. An alternative design of the flow chamber allows the formation of soft tissue flaps on intact vessels. The engineering chamber is also used for growing various types of tissues and organ fragments (cardiac transverse striated muscle tissue, lymphoid tissue, fragments of liver, thymus, pancreas). A separate direction in studying the range of practical applications of the diffusion chamber is the development and testing of methods of transplantation of pancreatic islet cells into animals when creating allo- and xenogeneic experimental models for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Some devices are already undergoing clinical trials and are available as a product for experimental studies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.