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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2024-39-3-89-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-2429</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цистатин С: взаимосвязь с некоторыми маркерами иммунитета, воспаления и его роль в прогрессировании диабетической ретинопатии у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cystatin C: its correlation with some markers of immune system, inflammation, and its role in progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3163-4953</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саклакова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saklakova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саклакова Ольга Алексеевна, ассистент, кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>672000, Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Saklakova, Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology</p><p>39а, Gorky str., Chita, 672000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saklakovaoa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-0352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фефелова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fefelova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фефелова Елена Викторовна, д-р мед. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры патологической физиологии</p><p>672000, Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Fefelova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Pathological Physiology</p><p>39а, Gorky str., Chita, 672000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fefelova.elena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-3411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максименя</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimenya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максименя Мария Владимировна, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинической и экспериментальной биохимии и иммунологии, НИИ молекулярной медицины</p><p>672000, Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Maksimenya, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry and Immunology, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine</p><p>39а, Gorky str., Chita, 672000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmv4510@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-3499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терешков</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshkov</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терешков Павел Петрович, канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинической и экспериментальной биохимии и иммунологии, НИИ молекулярной медицины</p><p>672000, Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel P. Tereshkov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Research Scientist, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry and Immunology, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine</p><p>39а, Gorky str., Chita, 672000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tpp6915@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-6275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караваева</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karavaeva</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Караваева Татьяна Михайловна, канд. мед. наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинической и экспериментальной биохимии и иммунологии, НИИ молекулярной медицины</p><p>672000, Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana M. Karavaeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry and Immunology, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine</p><p>39а, Gorky str., Chita, 672000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KaTany1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Переломова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelomova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Переломова Анна Александровна, врач-офтальмолог высшей категории, отделение офтальмологии, диагностическая поликлиника, клиника </p><p>672000, Чита, ул. Горького, 39а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Perelomova, Ophthalmologist of the Highest Category, Ophthalmology Department </p><p>39а, Gorky str., Chita, 672000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savani15@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Читинская государственная медицинская академия Министерства здравоохранения (ЧГМА)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chita State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саклакова О.А., Фефелова Е.В., Максименя М.В., Терешков П.П., Караваева Т.М., Переломова А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саклакова О.А., Фефелова Е.В., Максименя М.В., Терешков П.П., Караваева Т.М., Переломова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saklakova O.A., Fefelova E.V., Maksimenya M.V., Tereshkov P.P., Karavaeva T.M., Perelomova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2429">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2429</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить корреляции между уровнем цистатина C (Cys-C) и величинами маркеров иммунитета, воспаления, а также клиническими проявлениями диабетической ретинопатии (ДР) у пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД) 2-го типа.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Сформированы 3 группы пациентов с СД 2-го типа и разными стадиями ДР (по 21 человеку в каждой): I группа – непролиферативная стадия ДР (НПДР), II – препролиферативная (ППДР), III – пролиферативная (ПДР). Группу сравнения составили больные СД 2-го типа без сосудистых осложнений. Клиническое исследование включало: визометрию, тонометрию, оценку критической частоты слияния мельканий, биомикроскопию переднего отдела глаза, офтальмоскопию, биомикроскопию и ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) сетчатки, хрусталика, стекловидного тела, фоторегистрацию глазного дна, оптическую когерентную томографию. В сыворотке крови определяли содержание Cys-C, растворимых форм молекул B7.2 (CD86), 4-1ВВ, CTLA-4, Tim-3, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L1, Галактина-9, белков sICAM-1, SAA, NGAL, а также ферментов (МРО, ММР-2, ММР-9) методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) (мультиплексный анализ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По мере прогрессирования ДР уровень Cys-C нарастает относительно группы сравнения: при НПДР – на 94,1% (р &lt; 0,001), при ППДР – на 293,6% (р &lt; 0,001). При ПДР концентрация Cys-C увеличивается как относительно пациентов группы сравнения, так и лиц с НПДР, ППДР. При ДР в сыворотке крови возрастает количество PD-1, PD-1L, NGAL, ICAM-1, ММР-9, МПО. С усугублением степени тяжести ДР увеличивается уровень ICAM-1, МПО и ММР-9. Установлены прямые корреляционные связи между значениями Cys-C, с одной стороны, и ряда изучаемых показателей, с другой.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. При СД 2-го типа и ДР в сыворотке крови увеличивается количество Cys-C относительно пациентов с СД без микроангиопатии. В группах с усугублением степени тяжести офтальмопатии регистрируется рост концентрации Cys-C со статистически значимой разницей между группами. В группах с ДР с усугублением степени тяжести повышается уровень ICAM-1, ММР-9, МРО. Установлены умеренные прямые корреляционные связи между количеством Cys-C и PD-1, PD-L1, с одной стороны, а также заметные корреляционные связи с величинами ICAM-1, NGAL, ММР-9, МРО, с другой. Выявлена прямая заметная корреляционная связь между уровнем Cys-C и значениями шкалы глазного дна.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To study the correlations between Cystatin C (Cys-C) level and values of the markers of immune system and inflammation, and clinical manifestations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. 3 groups of patients with type 2 diabetes and different stages of diabetic retinopathy were formed (21 people in each). Group I – with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), Group II – with pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PPDR), Group III – with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The comparison group included patients with type 2 diabetes without vascular complications. Clinical study included: visometry, tonometry, assessing critical flicker fusion frequency, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eye, ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy and ultrasound of the retina, crystalline lens, vitreous body, photographic recording of the fundus, optical coherence tomography. The content of Cystatin C (Cys-C), soluble forms of molecules B7.2 (CD86), 4-1BB, CTLA-4, Tim-3, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L1, Galectin-9, proteins sICAM-1, SAA, NGAL and enzymes (MPO, MMP-2, MMP-9) was examined in the blood serum with the use of multiplex analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As DR progresses, the level of Cys-C increases and becomes higher than in individuals with diabetes: with NPDR higher by 94.1% (p &lt; 0.001), with PPDR – higher by 293.6% (p &lt; 0.001). In individuals with PDR, the concentration of Cys-C is maximum. With DR, the amount of PD-1, PD-1L, NGAL, ICAM-1, MMP-9, and MPO increases in the blood serum; as the severity of DR worsens, the levels of ICAM-1, MPO, and MMP-9 increase. Direct correlations were found between the Cys-C values, on the one hand, and the values of some studied indicators, on the other.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. In type 2 diabetes and DR, the amount of Cys-C in the blood serum increases relative to individuals with diabetes without microangiopathy; in groups with worsening severity of ophthalmopathy, an increase in Cys-C concentration was recorded with a statistically significant difference between the groups. In groups with DR, the level of ICAM-1, MMP-9, and MPO increases with increasing severity. Moderate direct correlations were found between the amount of Cys-C on the one hand and PD-1, PD-L1, as well as the noticeable ones with the values of ICAM-1, NGAL, MMP-9, MPO on the other. A direct noticeable correlation was revealed between the level of Cys-C and the values of the fundus scale.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>цистатин C</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>Cystatin C</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeedi P., Petersohn I., Salpea P., Malanda B., Karuranga S., Unwin N. et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2019;157:107843. 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