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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2025-40-1-226-234</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-2653</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В МЕДИЦИНЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм оценки патогенности мутаций при опухолях на основе ретроспективного исследования патогенных и нейтральных генетических вариантов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An algorithm for assessing the pathogenicity of genetic mutations in tumor based on a retrospective study of pathogenic and neutral genetic variants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5849-1311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буг</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bug</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буг Дмитрий Сергеевич, младший научный сотрудник, НИЦ биоинформатики, НОИ биомедицины</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii S. Bug, Junior Research Scientist, Bioinformatics Research Center of Scientific Educational Institute of Biomedicine</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bug.dmitrii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-5058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наркевич</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Narkevich</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наркевич Артём Николаевич, д-р мед. наук, доцент, декан медико-психолого-фармацевтического факультета</p><p>660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem N. Narkevich, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Dean, Prof.</p><p>1, Partizana Zheleznyaka str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">narkevichart@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-8717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тишков Артём Валерьевич, канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой физики, математики и информатики</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem V. Tishkov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Head of the Physics, Mathematics, and Informatics Department</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artem.tishkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-824X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петухова Наталья Витальевна, канд. биол. наук, руководитель НИЦ биоинформатики НОИ биомедицины</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Petukhova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Bioinformatics Research Center of Scientific Educational Institute of Biomedicine</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvp.bioinfo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова (ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого (КрасГМУ им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>226</fpage><lpage>234</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Буг Д.С., Наркевич А.Н., Тишков А.В., Петухова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буг Д.С., Наркевич А.Н., Тишков А.В., Петухова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bug D.S., Narkevich A.N., Tishkov A.V., Petukhova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2653">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2653</self-uri><abstract><p>Во всем мире на долю злокачественных новообразований приходится примерно 16,8% всех смертей и 22,8% смертей, связанных с неинфекционными заболеваниями. Диагностические, прогностические и терапевтические аспекты ведения онкологических больных в значительной степени зависят от наличия драйверных генетических мутаций. Однако оценка клинической значимости этих вариантов может быть сложной задачей, и значение многих из них не удается определить.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: разработка нового алгоритма для классификации миссенс-вариантов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Данные из сборников NCBI Assembly, Uniprot, GnomAD и OncoKB были загружены и обработаны с использованием Python 3 для оценки онкогенности миссенс-вариантов и их распространенности в человеческой популяции и среди последовательностей-ортологов. Всего было отобрано 314 известных доброкачественных полиморфизмов и 332 патогенные мутации генов BRCA1, BRCA2, DICER1, PIK3CA и TP53 базы данных ClinVar, которые составили обучающий и тестовый наборы данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Был создан алгоритм, предусматривающий три критерия, основанных на онкогенности, распространенности варианта в популяции и присутствия его в гене-ортологе. Отнесение варианта к нейтральным производилось при: а) несоответствии критерию онкогенности; б) соответствии хотя бы одному из двух оставшихся критериев. Все остальные варианты относились к патогенным. Разработанный алгоритм продемонстрировал высокую чувствительность (94,95% (88,61%, 98,34%)) и специфичность (96,52% (91,33%, 99,04%)) классификации доброкачественных и патогенных вариантов из проверочного датасета. Для работы алгоритма необходимо, чтобы позиция варианта была представлена в популяционных базах данных, а также соответствовала правильно выровненному участку множественного выравнивания ортологов вместе с двумя примыкающими позициями.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработанный алгоритм потенциально может быть применен для оценки вариантов в других онкогенах и антионкогенах, что может повысить точность классификации генетических вариантов и улучшить молекулярную диагностику.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Cancer is accounting for 16.8% of all deaths and 22.8% of noncommunicable disease-related deaths, approximately. The diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of patient management majorly depend on mutations that drive the oncogenic process. However, evaluating the clinical significance of the variant is a major challenge, as many of them become variants of unknown significance (VUS).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: of the current study is to create a new algorithm for classification of missense variants.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. Data from the NCBI Assembly, Uniprot, GnomAD, and OncoKB databases was processed with Python 3 to assess oncogenicity, population frequency of missense variants, as well as their occurrence in orthologous sequences. We selected 314 known benign polymorphisms and 332 reported pathogenic mutations of BRCA1, BRCA2, DICER1, PIK3CA, and TP53 genes from the ClinVar database for training and testing datasets.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We have developed the algorithm that provides three criteria based on oncogenicity and population frequency of a variant, as well as its occurrence in orthologous sequences for assessing its potential pathogenicity. A variant was classified as neutral if the following was true: a) a variant doesn’t meet the criterion for oncogenicity; b) a variant meets at least one of the remaining criteria. All other variants were deemed to be pathogenic. The new algorithm demonstrates high sensitivity (94.95% (88.61%, 98.34%)) and specificity (96.52% (91.33%, 99.04%)) in classifying benign and pathogenic variants. The algorithm requires a position of a variant to be represented in population databases and to correspond to an appropriately aligned region in a multiple sequence alignment of orthologs, along with two adjacent positions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The algorithm might be used to evaluate the variants of other oncogenic genes, possibly making the classification of genetic variants more precise, intensifying molecular diagnostics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярная патология</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>клиническое значение</kwd><kwd>алгоритмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular pathology</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>clinical relevance</kwd><kwd>algorithms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F., Laversanne M., Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Soerjomataram I. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA A. Cancer J. 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