cardiotomskСибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медициныSiberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine2713-29272713-265XTSU publishing10.29001/2073-8552-2025-40-4-28-36cardiotomsk-2907Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSГетерогенность эндотелия в контексте различной сосудистой патологии (обзор литературы)Context-specific endothelial heterogeneity (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-8895ФроловА. В.FrolovA. V.

Фролов Алексей Витальевич, д-р мед. наук, сердечно-сосудистый хирург, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория рентгенэндоваскулярной и реконструктивной хирургии сердца и сосудов, отдел хирургии сердца и сосудов, НИИ КПССЗ.

650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, стр. 6

Alexey V. Frolov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Cardiovascular Surgeon, Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Endovascular and Reconstructive Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, RI for CICVD.

6, Barbarash Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002

kjerne@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-3888ШишковаД. К.ShishkovaD. K.

Шишкова Дарья Кирилловна - канд. биол. наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины, отдел экспериментальной медицины, НИИ КПССЗ.

650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, стр. 6

Darya K. Shishkova - Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, RI for CICVD.

6, Barbarash Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002

shishkovadk@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-4857КутихинА. Г.KutikhinA. G.

Кутихин Антон Геннадьевич  - д-р мед. наук, заведующий отделом экспериментальной медицины, НИИ КПССЗ.

650002, Кемерово, бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, стр. 6

Anton G. Kutikhin - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Experimental Medicine, RI for CICVD.

6, Barbarash Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002

antonkutikhin@gmail.comФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» (НИИ КПССЗ)РоссияResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (RI for CICVD)Russian Federation2025121220254042836Copyright © Фролов А.В., Шишкова Д.К., Кутихин А.Г., 20252025Фролов А.В., Шишкова Д.К., Кутихин А.Г.Frolov A.V., Shishkova D.K., Kutikhin A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2907

В аналитическом обзоре рассмотрены морфологические и функциональные аспекты гетерогенности эндотелия в зависимости от развития различной сосудистой патологии на примере атеросклероза (АС), тромбоза, артериальной гипертензии (АГ) и микроциркуляторной вазоспастической стенокардии. Среди универсальных механизмов дисфункции эндотелия (ДЭ) наиболее важными являются нарушение биосинтеза оксида азота (NO), дисрегуляция молекулярных механизмов механотрансдукции, эндотелиально-мезенхимальный переход, провоспалительная и протромботическая активация. Кроме того, сам процесс физиологического старения эндотелиальных клеток (ЭК) в виде повышения их проницаемости, ретенции липидов, адгезии и клеточной трансмиграции также имеет большое значение в патогенезе указанных заболеваний. С учетом современного состояния вопроса гетерогенности эндотелия кратко перечислены перспективные направления дальнейшего изучения его патофизиологии, включая разработки в области исследования транскриптома и протеома клеток атеропротективных кондуитов, используемых при коронарном шунтировании (КШ), молекулярно-клеточные аналогии между онкопатологией и АС.

The analytical review considers morphological and functional aspects of endothelial heterogeneity depending on various vascular pathologies using atherosclerosis, thrombosis, arterial hypertension and microcirculatory vasospastic angina as examples. Among the universal mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction, the most important are impaired nitric oxide biosynthesis, dysregulation of molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, proinflammatory and prothrombotic activation. Besides, the very process of physiological aging of endothelial cells in the form of increased permeability, lipid retention, adhesion and cellular transmigration is also of great importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Taking into account the current state of the issue of endothelial heterogeneity, promising areas for further study of its pathophysiology are briefly listed, including developments in the field of studying the transcriptome and proteome of cells of atheroprotective conduits used in coronary artery bypass grafting, and molecular-cellular analogies between oncopathology and atherosclerosis.

эндотелийгетерогенностьатеросклерозтромбозвазоспазмendotheliumheterogeneityatherosclerosisthrombosisvasospasmисследование выполнено в рамках фундаментальной научной темы № 0419-2022-0002 «Разработка инновационных моделей управления риском развития болезней системы кровообращения с учетом коморбидности на основе изучения фундаментальных, клинических, эпидемиологических механизмов и организационных технологий медицинской помощи в условиях промышленного региона Сибири» (научный руководитель – академик РАН О.Л. Барбараш), № госрегистрации 122012000364-5 от 20.01.2022 г.the study was performed within the fundamental research project No. 0419-2022-0002 “Development of innovative models for management of cardiovascular disease risk factors and comorbidities based on the study of fundamental, clinical, and epidemiological mechanisms and healthcare management techniques in the industrial region of Siberia” (Principal Investigator – Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences O.L. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.