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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2025-40-4-227-237</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-2928</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В МЕДИЦИНЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритмы машинного обучения в прогнозировании развития побочных эффектов у пациентов с фармакорезистентностью к антипсихотикам и антидепрессантам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Machine learning algorithms for prediction of side effects development in patients with pharmacoresistance to antipsychotics and antidepressants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-2538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиганова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhiganova</surname><given-names>Т. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жиганова Татьяна Анатольевна - канд. мед. наук, врач-клинический фармаколог, Сеть медицинских центров «Династия».</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ленина, 5Б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Zhiganova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Clinical Pharmacologist, Network of Medical Centers “Dynasty”.</p><p>5B, Lenina str., Saint Petersburg, 197101</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">askclinpharm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2182-5792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Антон Игоревич - программист, МАИ НИУ.</p><p>125080, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton I. Kuznetsov - Software Developer, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).</p><p>4, Volokolamsk Highway Moscow, 125080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drednout5786@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-1482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щепкина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schepkina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щепкина Елена Викторовна - канд. социол. наук, главный специалист, РАНХиГС, Москва, Россия; аналитик, НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ.</p><p>119571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 82, стр.1; 127051, Москва, ул. Петровка, 24, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Schepkina - Cand. Sci. (Soc.), Chief Specialist, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia; Data Analyst, Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedical Technologies.</p><p>24, Vernadsky Ave., Build. 1, Moscow, 127051; 82, Vernadsky Ave., Build. 1, Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenaschepkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сеть медицинских центров «Династия»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Network of Medical Centers “Dynasty”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет) (МАИ НИУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ (РАНХиГС); Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы (НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA); Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedical Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>40</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>237</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жиганова Т.А., Кузнецов А.И., Щепкина Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жиганова Т.А., Кузнецов А.И., Щепкина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhiganova Т.A., Kuznetsov A.I., Schepkina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2928">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2928</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Искусственный интеллект и машинное обучение открывают новые горизонты в разработке прогностических моделей с использованием данных фармакогенетического тестирования (ФГТ) пациентов. Это может позволить более точно предсказывать развитие побочных эффектов (ПЭ) при терапии антипсихотиками (АП) и антидепрессантами (АД) и применять персонифицированный подход к терапии пациентов с фармакорезистентностью (ФР) к АП и АД.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: сравнение алгоритмов машинного обучения для предсказания вероятности развития ПЭ у пациентов с ФР к АП и АД.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В ретроспективном когортном исследовании реальной клинической практики были использованы результаты ФГТ 144 пациентов (72 (50%) мужчин и 72 (50%) женщин, средний возраст 33 ± 8,4 года) с ФР к АП и АД, получавших терапию в амбулаторном режиме в период с 2016 по 2024 гг. ФГТ полиморфизмов генов CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2 и MDR1 (C3435T) проводилось в медицинских лабораториях Санкт-Петербурга (МедЛаб, Инвитро). Для построения прогностической модели предсказания развития ПЭ были использованы алгоритмы машинного обучения Lasso, Ridge, Extra Tree (ET), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF) и eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Лучшие результаты получены при построении прогностической модели на основе алгоритма RF. Показатели тестовой выборки составили: ROC-AUC 75,5 [59,6; 89,9] %, чувствительность 72,2 [55,0; 88,9] %, специфичность 58,3 [33,3; 81,8] %. В качестве основных предикторов использовались возраст, пол, генотипы и аллели генов CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, MDR1 С3435Т, курение, наличие неврологических заболеваний и употребление психоактивных веществ.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Разработанная модель на основе алгоритма машинного обучения Random Forest продемонстрировала высокую эффективность в прогнозировании вероятности развития ПЭ у пациентов с ФР к АП и АД. Она может послужить основой для будущих исследований и разработки персонифицированного подхода к лечению пациентов, принимающих АП и АД, с целью интеграции ее в дальнейшем в систему поддержки принятия врачебных решений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Rationale</title><p>Rationale. Artificial intelligence and machine learning allow for development of predictive models using pharmacogenetic testing (PGT) data. It helps to predict the development of side effects (SE) in patients treated with antipsychotics (AP) and antidepressants (AD) and provides personalized approach for the treatment of patients with treatment resistance to antipsychotics and antidepressants. Aim: To compare machine learning algorithms for prediction of side effects development in patients with pharmacoresistance (PR) to antipsychotics and antidepressants.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. A retrospective study utilized PGT data of 144 patients (72 males and 72 females, mean age 33±8.4 years) with PR to AP and AD, treated on an outpatient basis for the period from 2016 to 2024. PGT assessed CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, and MDR1 (C3435T) gene polymorphisms conducted in medical laboratories in St. Petersburg (MedLab, Invitro). Machine learning algorithms Lasso, Ridge, Extra Tree (ET), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) were used to build the predictive model for SE development.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. RF algorithm demonstrated the best performance as the predictive model in test sample parameters: ROC-AUC 75.5% [59.6; 89.9], sensitivity 72.2% [55.0; 88.9], and specificity 58.3% [33.3; 81.8]. The main predictors included age, sex, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, MDR1 C3435T genotypes and alleles, smoking, presence of neurological diseases and substance abuse.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Random Forest model machine learning algorithm has demonstrated high efficiency in predicting side effects probability in treatment resistant patients to AP and AD. The model can serve as the basis for future research and development of personalized treatment approach for the patients treated with AP and AD, with the possibility of further integration into Medical Decision Support System.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитохромы</kwd><kwd>MDR1 C3435</kwd><kwd>фармакорезистентность</kwd><kwd>антипсихотики</kwd><kwd>антидепрессанты</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>прогностическая модель</kwd><kwd>Lasso</kwd><kwd>Ridge</kwd><kwd>Extra Tree</kwd><kwd>k-Nearest Neighbors</kwd><kwd>Naive Bayes</kwd><kwd>Random Forest</kwd><kwd>eXtreme Gradient Boosting</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cytochromes</kwd><kwd>MDR1 C3435</kwd><kwd>treatment resistance</kwd><kwd>antipsychotics</kwd><kwd>antidepressants</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>prognostic model</kwd><kwd>Lasso</kwd><kwd>Ridge</kwd><kwd>Extra Tree</kwd><kwd>k-Nearest Neighbors</kwd><kwd>Naive Bayes</kwd><kwd>Random Forest</kwd><kwd>eXtreme Gradient Boosting</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено без финансовой поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out without financial support from grants, public, non-profit, commercial organizations and structures</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kam H., Jeong H. 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