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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2026-2960</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-2960</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Детская гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия: современные диагностические стратегии, генетические аспекты и проблемы стратификации риска (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: current diagnostic strategies, genetic insights, and challenges in risk stratification (a literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6646-0081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эш Шаради</surname><given-names>У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ech Charady</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эш Шаради Уссама, аспирант, лаборатория медицинской генетики и онкогенетики; Факультет наук и технологий</p><p>Фес, Марокко</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oussama Ech Charady, PhD Student, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics; Faculty of Sciences and Techniques</p><p>Fez, Morocco</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oussama.echcharady@usmba.ac.ma</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-7134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайель</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayel</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сайель Ханане, PhD in Medical Genetics, Лаборатория медицинской генетики и онкогенетики</p><p>Фес, Марокко</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sayel Hanane, PhD in Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics</p><p>Fez, Morocco</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sayelhanane@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7436-4865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атмани</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atmani</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Атмани Самир, Professor, Pediatric Medicine, Медико-хирургическое отделение детской кардиологии, Педиатрическое отделение; Факультет медицины и фармации</p><p>Фес, Марокко</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samir Atmani, Professor, Pediatric Medicine, Medico-Surgical Unit of Cardio-pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez</p><p>Fez, Morocco</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samiratmani71@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3974-5889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оулдим</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ouldim</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оулдим Карим, Professor, Medical Genetics, Лаборатория медицинской генетики и онкогенетики; Факультет медицины и фармации</p><p>Фес, Марокко</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karim Ouldim, Professor, Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez</p><p>Fez, Morocco</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ouldim@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4082-5432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугенуш</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bouguenouch</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бугенуш Лайла, Professor, Medical Genetics, Лаборатория медицинской генетики и онкогенетики; Факультет медицины и фармации</p><p>Фес, Марокко</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laila Bouguenouch, Professor, Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez</p><p>Fez, Morocco</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lbouguenouch@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0707-3177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маазузи</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maazouzi</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маазузи Надия, Professor, Biology, факультет наук и технологий</p><p>Фес, Марокко</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadia Maazouzi, Professor, Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques</p><p>Fez, Morocco</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.maazouzi.fst@live.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университетская больница имени Хасана II; Университет Сиди Мохаммеда Бен Абделлаха</institution><country>Марокко</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hassan II University Hospital; University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah</institution><country>Morocco</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университетская больница имени Хасана II</institution><country>Марокко</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hassan II University Hospital</institution><country>Morocco</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Сиди Мохаммеда Бен Абделлаха</institution><country>Марокко</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah</institution><country>Morocco</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>2960</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эш Шаради У., Сайель Х., Атмани С., Оулдим К., Бугенуш Л., Маазузи Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эш Шаради У., Сайель Х., Атмани С., Оулдим К., Бугенуш Л., Маазузи Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ech Charady O., Sayel H., Atmani S., Ouldim K., Bouguenouch L., Maazouzi N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2960">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/2960</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Детская гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия (ГКМ) является основной причиной внезапной сердечной смерти у детей и представляет собой клинически и генетически гетерогенное состояние, отличное от заболевания у взрослых. Несмотря на то, что достижения в изучении ГКМ у взрослых повлияли на стратегии лечения, данные, специфичные для детей, остаются относительно ограниченными, особенно в отношении оценки риска на основе визуализации и валидации прогностических моделей для детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Оценить современные диагностические подходы, генетические аспекты и текущие проблемы в стратификации риска при детской ГКМ.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведен структурированный нарративный обзор исследований, опубликованных с 1997 года по начало 2025 года, с использованием основных биомедицинских баз данных и ссылок на руководства. Приоритет отдавался педиатрическим когортным исследованиям, популяционным регистрам, современным клиническим руководствам и генетическим исследованиям, касающимся эпидемиологии, этиологической классификации, диагностической оценки и прогнозирования риска.</p><p>Основное содержание и результаты. Недавние данные подтверждают преобладающую роль вариантов генов саркомеров после младенческого возраста, подчеркивая при этом важность синдромальных и метаболических этиологий в раннем детстве. Достижения в области электрокардиографических маркеров риска, мультимодальной визуализации, включая оценку миокардиального фиброза с помощью магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца, и генетического тестирования нового поколения повысили точность диагностики и скрининга семей. Однако фенотипическая вариабельность, возрастная пенетрантность и ограничения внешней валидации инструментов прогнозирования риска в педиатрии, включая HCM Risk-Kids, продолжают создавать трудности для индивидуализированного лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Детская ГКМ остается заболеванием со сложным прогнозом и биологическим разнообразием. Усовершенствование прогностических моделей, специфичных для детей, улучшение интеграции данных визуализации и генетических данных, а также международные совместные исследования необходимы для оптимизации ранней диагностики и персонализированного ухода за пораженными детьми.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in children and represents a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition distinct from adult disease. Although advances in adult HCM have informed management strategies, pediatric-specific evidence remains comparatively limited, particularly regarding imaging-based risk assessment and validation of pediatric risk prediction models.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To assess current diagnostic approaches, genetic insights, and current challenges in risk stratification in pediatric HCM.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A structured narrative review of studies published from 1997 through early 2025 was conducted using major biomedical databases and guideline references. Priority was given to pediatric cohort studies, population-based registries, contemporary clinical guidelines, and genetic investigations addressing epidemiology, etiologic classification, diagnostic evaluation, and risk prediction.</p></sec><sec><title>Key Content and Findings</title><p>Key Content and Findings. Recent evidence confirms the predominant role of sarcomeric gene variants beyond infancy, while underscoring the importance of syndromic and metabolic etiologies in early childhood. Advances in electrocardiographic risk markers, multimodal imaging including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging assessment of myocardial fibrosis and next generation genetic testing have enhanced diagnostic precision and family screening. However, phenotypic variability, age-dependent penetrance, and limitations in external validation of pediatric risk prediction tools, including HCM Risk-Kids, continue to challenge individualized management.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pediatric HCM remains a prognostically complex and biologically diverse disease. Refinement of pediatric-specific risk stratification models, improved integration of imaging and genetic data, and international collaborative research are essential to optimize early diagnosis and personalized care in affected children.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детская гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>стратификация риска</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография сердца</kwd><kwd>генетическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>внезапная сердечная смерть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>risk stratification</kwd><kwd>cardiac magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>genetic testing</kwd><kwd>sudden cardiac death</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thakkar K., Karajgi A.R., Kallamvalappil A.M. et al. Sudden cardiac death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Dis. 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