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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2026-41-1-30-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-3013</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническое значение вариантов внутрисердечных анатомических структур и малых аномалий (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical significance of intracardiac anatomical variations structures and minor anomalies (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-7219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трисветова</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trisvetova</surname><given-names>Eu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трисветова Евгения Леонидовна, д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры внутренних болезней, кардиологии и ревматологии с курсом повышения квалификации и переподготовки, УО «БГМУ».</p><p>220083, Минск, пр. Дзержинского, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya L. Trisvetova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Rheumatology with a Course of Advanced Training and Retraining, Educational Institution “BSMU”.</p><p>83, Dzerzhinsky Ave., Minsk, 220083</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trisvet-47@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Учреждение образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет» (УО «БГМУ»)<country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Belarusian State Medical University (UO BSMU)<country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>41</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трисветова Е.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трисветова Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trisvetova E.L.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/3013">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/3013</self-uri><abstract><p>Широкое применение в клинической практике прижизненных методов визуализации внутренних структур сердца позволяет выявлять анатомические особенности строения органа и патологические внутрисердечные образования. Из-за неоднородности и вариативности внутрисердечных образований, встречающихся в нормальном сердце, появляются трудности для дифференциальной диагностики с патологическими образованиями (тромб, опухоль) и решения вопроса о дальнейшей тактике. Нормальные внутрисердечные структуры обычно не сопровождаются патологическими клиническими проявлениями, их обнаруживают прижизненно случайно или при аутопсии. Вместе с тем изредка их топографические и морфологические варианты вызывают появление аритмий сердца или тромбоэмболии. Для предотвращения ошибочных диагнозов при развитии патологических симптомов исключаются другие структурные заболевания сердца (ишемическая болезнь сердца, кардиомиопатия, миокардит и т. п.). Основным доступным методом исследования внутрисердечных структур и малых аномалий сердца является трансторакальная эхокардиография (ЭхоКГ), результаты которой дополняют чреспищеводным исследованием, при необходимости – компьютерной томографией (КТ) и магнитно-резонансной томографией (МРТ). При аритмическом синдроме для установления причин аритмии выполняют электрофизиологическое исследование. Мультимодальная визуализация с применением современных методов исследования, электрофизиологическое исследование и знание топографии анатомических вариантов внутренних структур и малых аномалий сердца позволят своевременно выполнить дифференциальную диагностику и планировать дальнейшую тактику лечения или наблюдения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Wide application of intravital methods of visualization of internal cardiac structures in clinical practice allows identifying anatomical features of the organ structure and pathological intracardiac formations. Due to heterogeneity and variability of intracardiac formations found in a normal heart, difficulties arise in differential diagnostics with pathological formations (thrombus, tumor) and decision on further tactics. Normal intracardiac structures are usually not accompanied by pathological clinical manifestations, they are discovered during life by chance or during autopsy, however, occasionally their topographic and morphological variants cause cardiac arrhythmias or thromboembolism. To prevent false diagnoses in the development of pathological symptoms, other structural heart diseases (ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, etc.) are excluded. The main available method for studying intracardiac structures and minor cardiac anomalies is transthoracic echocardiography, the results of which are supplemented by transesophageal examination, if necessary – computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In case of arrhythmic syndrome, an electrophysiological study is performed to establish the causes of arrhythmia. Multimodal visualization using modern research methods, electrophysiological study and knowledge of the topography of anatomical variants of internal structures and minor anomalies of the heart will allow timely differential diagnostics and planning of further treatment or observation tactics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внутрисердечные анатомические структуры</kwd><kwd>малые аномалии сердца</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>визуализирующие методы исследования сердца</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intracardiac anatomical structures</kwd><kwd>minor anomalies of the heart</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>visualization methods of cardiac examination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>исследование выполнено без финансовой поддержки грантов, общественных, некоммерческих, коммерческих организаций и структур</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>the study was carried out without financial support from grants, public, non-profit, commercial organizations and structures</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреева А.Е., Бартош-Зеленая С.Ю., Новиков В.И., Евсикова И.А., Алетдинова Л.А. 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