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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2025-41-3-64-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-3273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь патологических фенотипов состава тела с неблагоприятными исходами заболевания у пациентов старческого возраста с хронической сердечной недостаточностью: возможности биоимпедансного анализа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Relationship of pathological phenotypes of body composition with adverse outcomes in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: opportunities for bioimpedance analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-1768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобалава</surname><given-names>Ж. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobalava</surname><given-names>Zh. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобалава Жанна Давидовна - д-р мед. наук, чл.-корр. РАН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики им. акад. В.С. Моисеева, Институт клинической медицины, Медицинский институт, РУДН им. Патриса Лумумбы.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna D. Kobalava - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Internal Diseases with a Course of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics named after V.S. Moiseev, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Institute, RUDN University.</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zkobalava@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7596-7828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ал Аутаири</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Altairi</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ал Аутаири Абдуллах - аспирант, кафедра внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики им. акад. В.С. Моисеева, Институт клинической медицины, Медицинский институт, РУДН им. Патриса Лумумбы.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdullah Al-Autairi - Graduate Student, Department of Internal Diseases with a Course of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics named after V.S. Moiseev, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Institute, RUDN University.</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abd77032@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3473-2541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковенко Валерия Александровна - аспирант, кафедра внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики им. акад. В.С. Моисеева, Институт клинической медицины, Медицинский институт, ФГАОУ ВО РУДН им. Патриса Лумумбы.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria A. Yakovenko - Graduate Student, Department of Internal Diseases with a Course of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics named after V.S. Moiseev, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Institute, RUDN University.</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ler.gor17@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-5258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеева</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseeva</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моисеева Александра Юрьевна - канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики им. акад. В.С. Моисеева, Институт клинической медицины, Медицинский институт, ФГАОУ ВО РУДН им. Патриса Лумумбы.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra Yu. Moiseeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant, Department of Internal Diseases with a Course of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics named after V.S. Moiseev, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Institute, RUDN University.</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moiseyeva.alexandra.y@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы» (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian People’s Friendship University (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>41</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кобалава Ж.Д., Ал Аутаири А., Яковенко В.А., Моисеева А.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кобалава Ж.Д., Ал Аутаири А., Яковенко В.А., Моисеева А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kobalava Z.D., Al-Altairi A., Yakovenko V.A., Moiseeva A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/3273">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/3273</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нарушения структуры тела, такие как саркопения, саркопеническое ожирение и кахексия, могут играть ключевую роль в развитии и прогрессировании хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН). Тем не менее, диагностика этих состояний затруднена из-за отсутствия единых подходов к их определению. Ранее предложенные алгоритмы выявления кахексии и саркопении у пациентов пожилого возраста сложно применять в клинической практике. В этой связи актуальным становится неинвазивное изучение состава тела у пациентов старческого возраста с ХСН, например, с помощью биоимпедансного анализа (БИА).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: определить наиболее частые патологические фенотипы состава тела у пациентов старческого возраста с ХСН и установить их взаимосвязь с неблагоприятными исходами заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В проспективное наблюдательное исследование включены 250 пациентов (медиана возраста – 83,0 [77,0–86,0] года), последовательно госпитализированных в многопрофильный стационар по поводу декомпенсации ХСН. Для оценки состава тела выполняли БИА (анализатор АВС-01 «Медасс», Россия) на 5–7-й день госпитализации, по результатам которого пациентов разделяли на 5 фенотипов состава тела: норма, ожирение, саркопеническое ожирение (по критериям ESPEN/EASO 2022), саркопения (по критериям EWGSOP2) и кахексия (по критериям Ballyuzek M.F., 2015). Для изучения прогностической значимости нарушений в составе тела оценивалась комбинированная конечная точка, включающая смерть от всех причин и повторные госпитализации по поводу ХСН в течение 12 мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов старческого возраста с ХСН наиболее частым фенотипом являлось ожирение (48,0%, n = 120), реже отмечалось саркопеническое ожирение (24,0%, n = 60), саркопения (6,0%, n = 15) и кахексия (2,0%, n = 5). В зависимости от фенотипов состава тела пациенты не различались по фракции выброса (ФВ) левого желудочка (ЛЖ), во всех группах встречалась преимущественно сохраненная ФВ. Пациенты с кахексией, саркопенией и саркопеническим ожирением отличались меньшей переносимостью физической нагрузки, чаще наблюдался III–IV функциональный класс по NYHA и более тяжелая стадия недостаточности кровообращения. Наличие саркопенического ожирения или саркопении увеличивает шансы событий комбинированной конечной точки в 2,3 раза (ОШ = 2,3; 95% ДИ ОШ 1,2–4,4; р &lt; 0,05), госпитальной летальности в 2,9 раза (ОШ = 2,9; 95% ДИ ОШ 1,4–6,4; р &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Мышечная масса оказывает защитное действие у пациентов старческого возраста с ХСН, тогда как саркопеническое ожирение и саркопения связаны с худшими исходами. БИА состава тела является относительно простым и точным в этой когорте пациентов, а также позволяет выявить у пациентов с ХСН двойную патологию: типичную для декомпенсации ХСН гипергидратацию и сопутствующие ей признаки прогрессирующей саркопении и клеточной дисфункции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Body structure abnormalities such as sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and cachexia can play a key role in the development and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). However, diagnosis of these conditions is challenging due to the lack of unified approaches to their definition. Previously proposed algorithms for identifying cachexia and sarcopenia in elderly patients are difficult to apply in clinical practice. Therefore, noninvasive body composition assessment in elderly patients with CHF, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is becoming relevant.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To determine the most frequent pathological phenotypes of body composition in elderly patients with CHF and establish their relationship with adverse disease outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. The prospective observational study included 250 patients (median age 83.0 [77.0-86.0] years) consecutively hospitalized in a multidisciplinary hospital for CHF decompensated. To assess body composition, a bioinformatics analyzer (BIA) (ABC-01 Medass analyzer, Russia) was performed on days 5-7 of hospitalization. According to the results, patients were divided into five body composition phenotypes: normal, obese, sarcopenic obesity (according to ESPEN/EASO 2022 criteria), sarcopenia (according to EWGSOP2 criteria), and cachexia (according to Ballyuzek MF, 2015 criteria). To study the prognostic significance of body composition abnormalities, a composite endpoint was assessed, including all-cause mortality and recurrent hospitalizations for CHF within 12 months.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. When analyzing body composition phenotypes according to BIA in elderly patients with CHF, the most common phenotype was obesity (48.0%, n = 120), less common were sarcopenic obesity (24.0%, n = 60), sarcopenia (6.0%, n = 15), and cachexia (2.0%, n = 5). Depending on body composition phenotypes, patients did not differ in left ventricular ejection fraction; a predominantly preserved ejection fraction was observed in all groups. Patients with cachexia, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity were characterized by lower exercise tolerance, NYHA functional class III-IV, and a more severe stage of circulatory failure. The presence of sarcopenic obesity or sarcopenia increases the risk of the combined primary endpoint by 2.3 times (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2-4.4, p &lt; 0.05) and in-hospital mortality by 2.9 times (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4-6.4, p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Muscle mass has a protective effect in elderly patients with CHF, whereas sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia are associated with worse outcomes. Bioimpedance analysis of body composition is relatively simple and accurate in this patient cohort and allows for the detection of dual pathology in patients with CHF: hyperhydration typical of CHF decompensation and associated signs of progressive sarcopenia and cellular dysfunction.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>саркопеническое ожирение</kwd><kwd>мышечная масса</kwd><kwd>состав тела</kwd><kwd>биоимпедансное исследование</kwd><kwd>старческий возраст</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>sarcopenic obesity</kwd><kwd>muscle mass</kwd><kwd>body composition</kwd><kwd>bioimpedance study</kwd><kwd>senile age</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта РУДН № 034313-0-000.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">RUDN University Grant No. 034313-0-000.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carbone S., Billingsley H.E., Rodriguez-Miguelez P., et al. 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