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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2018-33-3-102-110</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПЛЕЙОТРОПНЫЕ ФЕРМЕНТЫ АПОПТОЗА И СИНАПТИЧЕСКАЯ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТЬ ГИППОКАМПА БЕЛЫХ КРЫС ПОСЛЕ ОККЛЮЗИИ ОБЩИХ СОННЫХ АРТЕРИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PLEIOTROPIC ENZYMES OF APOPTOSIS AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ALBINO RAT HIPPOCAMPUS AFTER OCCLUSION OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент кафедры безопасности жизнедеятельности, медицины катастроф</p><p>644099, Российская Федерация, Омск, ул. Ленина, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Vet.), Associate Professor of the Department of Life Safety and Disaster Medicine</p><p>12, Lenin str., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeev86@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулинин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulinin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>644099, Российская Федерация, Омск, ул. Ленина, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology</p><p>12, Lenin str., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulinin@omsk-osma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>очный аспирант кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>644099, Российская Федерация, Омск, ул. Ленина, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Full-Time Graduate Student of the Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology</p><p>12, Lenin str., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ctepan55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры онкологии, лучевой терапии ДПО</p><p>644099, Российская Федерация, Омск, ул. Ленина, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident Physician of the Oncology and Radiation Therapy Department of DPO</p><p>12, Lenin str., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">double_energy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии</p><p>644099, Российская Федерация, Омск, ул. Ленина, 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher of the Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology</p><p>12, Lenin str., Omsk, 644099, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_stepanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Омский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Omsk State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авдеев Д.Б., Акулинин В.А., Степанов А.С., Горбунова А.В., Степанов С.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авдеев Д.Б., Акулинин В.А., Степанов А.С., Горбунова А.В., Степанов С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avdeev D.V., Akulinin V.A., Stepanov A.S., Gorbunova A.V., Stepanov S.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/562">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/562</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: исследование было посвящено изучению плейотропных свойств фермента апоптоза каспазы-3, его связи с синаптической пластичностью гиппокампа белых крыс в норме и после 20-минутной окклюзии общих сонных артерий.Материал и методы. С помощью световой (окраска гематоксилином и эозином), электронной (уранилацетат и цитрат свинца) микроскопии, иммуногистохимии (MAP2, синаптофизин, каспаза-3, p53, bcl-2) и морфометрии были изучены общая численная плотность нейронов, ультраструктура синапсов, площадь иммунопозитивных синаптических терминалей stratum radiatum СА1 и stratum lucidum СА3 гиппокампа головного мозга в норме (n=5) и через 1 (n=5), 3 (n=5), 7 (n=5), 14 (n=5) и 30 суток (n=5) после острой ишемии.Результаты и обсуждение. Исследование показало, что в течение 30 суток постишемического периода 33,0% пирамидных нейронов СА1 и 17,4% СА3 подвергалось необратимой деструкции. Среди необратимо поврежденных преобладали нейроны с признаками коагуляционно-ишемического некроза. На этом фоне сначала (1 сутки) уменьшалась, а затем (3, 7 суток) восстанавливалась относительная площадь синаптофизин-позитивного материала. Установлено, что локализация каспазы-3 совпадала с локализацией синаптофизина. Особенно наглядно это было показано на гигантских синапсах stratum lucidum поля СА3. В телах пирамидных нейронов гиппокампа каспаза-3 не выявлялась, она локализовалась только в терминалях аксодендритических, аксошипиковых и аксосоматических синапсов. В динамике постишемического периода наиболее выраженные изменения содержания каспазы-3 отмечались в stratum radiatum поля СА1. Белки регуляции апоптоза (р53, bcl-2) выявлялись в единичных нейронах. В этой связи каспазу-3 необходимо рассматривать в аспекте ее плейотропности, участия в адаптационных и восстановительных процессах за счет постишемической активации нейропластичности на уровне аксонов и синапсов.Заключение. После острой ишемии, вызванной 20-минутной окклюзией общих сонных артерий, активация каспазы-3 способствует защите нервной ткани.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: the aim of the study was to investigate the pleiotropic properties of the apoptotic enzyme caspase-3 and its associations with the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus of albino rats in healthy animals and in rats after 20-min occlusion of the common carotid arteries.Material and Methods. Total numerical density of neurons, ultrastructure of synapses, and area of immunohistochemically positive hippocampal synaptic terminals of CA1 stratum radiatum and stratum lucidum CA3 were studied by the methods of optical microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin stain), electron microscopy (uranyl acetate and lead citrate as contrast agents), immunohistochemistry (MAP2, synaptophysin, caspase-3, p53, and bcl-2), and morphometry in the brains of intact rats (n=5) and in animals after acute ischemia at day 1 (n=5), 3 (n=5), 7 (n=5), 14 (n=5), and 30 (n=25).Results and Discussion. The study showed that 33.0% of pyramidal neurons in CA1 region and 17.4% of those in CA3 region underwent irreversible damage within 30 days of the post-ischemic period. Among the irreversibly damaged neurons, the cells with signs of coagulative-ischemic necrosis prevailed. In animals subject to ischemia, the relative area of synaptophysin-positive material initially decreased (at day 1) and then recovered (at days 3, 7). We found that caspase-3 colocalized with synaptophysin, which was especially evident in the giant synapses of the stratum lucidum of the hippocampal CA3 region. In the neurosomes of the hippocampal pyramidal cells, caspase-3 was not detected. However, this enzyme was found in the terminals of the axo-dendritic, axo-spine, and axo-somatic synapses. In the course of th e post-ischemic period, the most pronounced changes in the expression of caspase-3 were observed in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 field. Apoptosis regulatory proteins (p53, bcl-2) were detected in the individual neurons. In this regard, caspase-3 should be viewed in the context of its pleiotropy and involvement in the adaptation and recovery processes due to post-ischemic activation of neuroplasticity at the level of axons and synapses.Conclusion. After acute ischemia caused by 20-min occlusion of the common carotid arteries, the activation of caspase-3 contributes to ischemic preconditioning and neuroprotection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острая ишемия</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>каспаза-3</kwd><kwd>р53</kwd><kwd>bcl-2</kwd><kwd>синаптофизин</kwd><kwd>МАР-2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute ischemia</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>caspase-3</kwd><kwd>p53</kwd><kwd>bcl-2</kwd><kwd>synaptophysin</kwd><kwd>MAP2</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng Y. S., Xu Z. C. Co-existence of necrosis and apoptosis in rat hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia. Neurosci. Res. 2000; 37: 113–125. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(00)00107-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng Y. S., Xu Z. C. 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