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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiotomsk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2927</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-265X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>TSU publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29001/2073-8552-2020-35-2-123-130</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiotomsk-985</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексные тренировки дыхательной и скелетной мускулатуры у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью III–V функционального класса и низкой и промежуточной фракцией выброса левого желудочка. Дизайн и обоснование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Integrative respiratory and skeletal musculature training in patients with functional class II–IV chronic heart failure and low or intermediate left ventricular ejection fraction: Design and rationale</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-6081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беграмбекова</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Begrambekova</surname><given-names>J. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультета фундаментальной медицины,</p><p>ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний, Медицинский научно-образовательный центр,</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine; Leading Research Scientist, Department of Age-Associated Diseases, </p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Julia.begrambekova@ossn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-3670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каранадзе</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karanadze</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, отдел возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний, Медицинский научно-образовательный центр,</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Scientist, Department of Age-Associated Diseases, Medical Scientific and Educational Center,</p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.karanadze@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-2048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мареев</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mareev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, Медицинский научно-образовательный центр,</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Research Scientist, Medical Scientific and Educational Center,</p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof_mareev@ossn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8675-7167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней педиатрического факультета,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Disease Propedeutics, Faculty of Pediatrics,</p><p>1, Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekolesnikova2701@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-5612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой терапии факультета фундаментальной медицины;</p><p>руководитель отдела возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний, Медицинский научно-образовательный центр,</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine,</p><p>Head of the Department of Age-Associated Diseases, Medical Scientifi c and Educational Center,</p><p>1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5163002@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беграмбекова Ю.Л., Каранадзе Н.А., Мареев В.Ю., Колесникова Е.А., Орлова Я.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беграмбекова Ю.Л., Каранадзе Н.А., Мареев В.Ю., Колесникова Е.А., Орлова Я.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Begrambekova J.L., Karanadze N.A., Mareev V.Y., Kolesnikova E.A., Orlova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/985">https://www.sibjcem.ru/jour/article/view/985</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ремоделирование дыхательной системы играет важную роль в прогрессировании хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН). Снижение оксигенации дыхательных мышц во время интенсивных физических нагрузок (ФН) у пациентов с ХСН может усиливать дыхательную недостаточность и провоцировать гиперактивацию дыхательного метаборефлекса, что усугубляет плохую переносимость нагрузок вследствие снижения перфузии скелетной мускулатуры. Тренировка дыхательных мышц может уменьшать гиперактивацию дыхательного метаборефлекса и улучшать переносимость и эффективность аэробных тренировок (АТ) умеренной интенсивности.</p></sec><sec><title>Дизайн исследования</title><p>Дизайн исследования: проспективное рандомизированное исследование с маскировкой вмешательства. В исследование будут включены 40 взрослых пациентов обоего пола с ХСН II–III функционального класса (ФК) и фракцией выброса (ФВ) ≤49%. Пациенты будут рандомизированы в соотношении 1 : 1 в активную или контрольную группу. Пациенты из группы активного ведения в течение 4 нед. участвуют в тренировках дыхательной мускулатуры (ДМ) с последующим 12-недельным циклом АТ умеренной интенсивности (ходьба по беговой дорожке). Контрольная группа будет в течение 4 нед. получать имитацию дыхательных тренировок – ДТ (дыхательный тренажер THRESHOLD® IMT с уровнем сопротивления чуть выше 0), также с последующим 12-недельным циклом АТ умеренной интенсивности (ходьба по беговой дорожке).</p><p>Основная цель исследования: сравнить влияние различных методов тренировок на функциональные возможности (пик VO2). Вторичные показатели включают изменения силы дыхательных мышц, сывороточные биомаркеры (NT-proBNP и ST2) и ангиотензин II. Также будут оцениваться качество жизни, связанное со здоровьем (MLwHFQ.23), и психоэмоциональное состояние пациентов. В исследовании запланирован дополнительный анализ с подходящей по характеристикам группой пациентов, которые прошли скрининг, но отказались от участия в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Пациенты с сердечной недостаточностью (СН) часто отказываются от тренировок из-за симптомов одышки и мышечной слабости. Мы предполагаем, что методика тренировок, основанная на включении тренировок ДМ в качестве первого этапа кардиореабилитации, будет положительно влиять на эффективность последующих АТ у пациентов с ХСН путем уменьшения активности ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы (РААС) и симпатоадреналовой системы (САС) и повышения дыхательной эффективности. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Respiratory system remodeling plays an important role in the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). Decreased oxygenation of the respiratory muscles during intense physical exertion in patients with CHF may aggravate respiratory failure and provoke hyperactivation of the inspiratory metaborefl ex, thereby aggravating exercise intolerance due to a decrease in muscular system perfusion. Respiratory muscle training can minimize the eff ects of inspiration metaborefl ex activation and prolong the duration of exercise.</p><sec><title>Trial design</title><p>Trial design. This is a prospective randomized trial with a sham control. The trial will include 40 adult patients of both genders with NYHA II-III CHF and with ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 49%. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either Active or Control group. Active group will receive four-week guided respiratory muscles training followed by 12-week guided aerobic training (treadmill walking). Control group will receive four-week sham respiratory muscles training (THRESHOLD® IMT breathing trainer with level slightly above 0), followed by 12 weeks guided aerobic training (treadmill walking). The primary aim is to compare the eff ect of diff erent training modalities on functional capacity (peak VO2 ). Secondary outcome measures include changes in respiratory muscle strength, serum biomarkers (NT-proBNP and ST2) and Angiotensin II. Health-related quality of life (MLwHFQ.23) and psycho-emotional state of patients also will be assessed.The study also planned an additional analysis with a suitable group of patients who were screened but refused to participate in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Heart failure patients often give up exercise due to symptoms of shortness of breath and muscle weakness. We suggest that the training technique based on the inclusion of respiratory muscle training as the fi rst stage of cardiac rehabilitation will positively aff ect the eff ectiveness of subsequent aerobic training in patients with heart failure, by reducing the activity of RAAS and SAS and increasing respiratory effi ciency. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>аэробные упражнения</kwd><kwd>дыхательные упражнения</kwd><kwd>кардиореабилитация</kwd><kwd>мозговой натрийуретический пептид</kwd><kwd>ангиотензин II</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CHF</kwd><kwd>aerobic exercise</kwd><kwd>breathing exercises</kwd><kwd>cardio rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>BNP</kwd><kwd>angiotensin II</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barreiro E. 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