Пептиды – кардиопротекторные препараты будущего. Адреномедуллин

Повсеместное внедрение чрескожного коронарного вмешательства (ЧКВ) в качестве метода терапии острого инфаркта миокарда (ОИМ) позволило радикально снизить летальность при этом заболевании. Однако смертность все же остается высокой: по некоторым оценкам, при инфаркте миокарда (ИМ) с подъемом сегмента ST (STEMI) она может достигать 7–9%. Сегодня при применении ЧКВ на первый план выступает реперфузионное повреждение сердца. К сожалению, лекарственные препараты, применяемые в клинической практике для лечения ОИМ, малоэффективны в отношении реперфузионного повреждения сердца. Существует настоятельная необходимость в разработке лекарственных препаратов с молекулярным механизмом действия, отличным от механизма действия тех препаратов, которые уже применяются для лечения ОИМ. Прототипом для создания подобных препаратов мог бы стать полипептид адреномедуллин.

Цель обзора: анализ публикаций, посвященных кардиопротекторному эффекту адреномедуллина при ишемии и реперфузии (И/Р) сердца. Показано, что адреномедуллин уменьшает размер ИМ, ингибирует апоптоз кардиомиоцитов, препятствует возникновению постинфарктного ремоделирования сердца. Адреномедуллин способен избирательно усиливать толерантность сердца к реперфузионному повреждению. Продемонстрировано, что кардиопротекторный эффект адреномедуллина связан с активацией киназы Akt, NO-синтазы, протеинкиназы А, увеличением уровня цГМФ в ткани миокарда и усилением синтеза NO в сердце.

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