Potential of bioimpedance analysis for diagnostics of osteosarcopenic obesity components

Rationale. Physiological aging has all the factors that contribute to the development of obesity, sarcopenia and osteoporosis through increased fat mass, decreased muscle mass and strength, and decreased bone mass. It is clear that the direct impact of osteosarcopenic obesity poses a potential threat to public health. The effects of muscle and bone loss, combined with the effects of obesity, may well be associated with worse clinical outcomes due to the cascade of metabolic abnormalities associated with these changes in body composition

Aim: To identify the prevalence and dynamics of the components of osteosarcopenic obesity over a three-year period assessed using bioimpedance analysis.

Methodology and research methods. The baseline study included 1124 women and 476 men. The follow-up period was 3 years from the date of the respondent's first visit. The median age of the study population was 56.0 (47.0; 63.0) years. Persons over 65 years old accounted for 17.7% at the baseline stage of the survey and 31.0% at the prospective stage. To determine the components of osteosarcopenic obesity (fat percentage, bone mass), a fat mass analyzer BC-532 (manufactured by Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used. The muscle component was assessed using hand dynamometry, which was performed using a mechanical dynamometer

Results. Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSA, muscle weakness + excess body fat + insufficient bone mass) at baseline was equally common in men and women over 65 years of age (2.2% and 1.4%, respectively, p = 0.679). Among persons under 65 years of age – 0.5% in women and 0% in men (p = 0.607). At the prospective stage, there was an increase in the prevalence of AOM among the population over 65 years of age, due to the female population (24.1% and 1.4% in women and men, respectively, p < 0.001). It should be noted that among people under 65 years of age, the proportion of women with AOM was 4.4%, while among men this pathology was still not detected (p < 0.001). Overall, the prevalence of this multifactorial syndrome at baseline was 0.55% and increased 14.7-fold (to 8.1%, p < 0.001) during the prospective follow-up phase.

Conclusion. Using bioimpedance analysis, over the studied period of time it was revealed that osteosarcopenic obesity at the baseline stage was equally common in men and women over 65 years of age (2.2% and 1.4%, respectively). At the prospective stage, there was an increase in the prevalence of AOM among the population over 65 years of age, due to the female population (24.1% and 1.4% in women and men, respectively). It should be noted that among people under 65 years of age, the proportion of women with AOM was 4.4%, while among men this pathology was not detected for the entire study period.

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