Surgical and endovascular treatment methods for aortic coarctation in patients of different age groups (literature review)

Introduction. Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) remains one of the most common congenital heart defects, associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular complications even after successful correction. Despite advances in both endovascular and surgical repair techniques, there is no unified approach to selecting the optimal treatment strategy, and the available data on long-term postoperative outcomes require systematic synthesis.

Aim: To analyze current data on the surgical and endovascular treatment of CoA in patients of different age groups, to characterize the anatomical features of the congenital defect, the technical aspects of interventions, immediate and long-term treatment outcomes, as well as to assess the incidence of complications and reinterventions.

Material and Methods. A literature search was performed using the electronic databases eLibrary.ru and PubMed. The study included articles published between 2014 and 2026. A total of 1,331 publications on aortic coarctation were screened. Ultimately, 52 studies were included in the final review.

Results. Analysis of the included publications showed that surgical correction remains the “gold standard” in neonates and young children, whereas endovascular repair is preferred in adolescents and adults. In the long term, neither of these strategies completely eliminates risks: the potential for arterial hypertension, recoarctation, aneurysm formation, and the need for repeat interventions persists.

Conclusion. The choice of treatment strategy for aortic coarctation should be individualized, taking into account the patient's age, the anatomy of the narrowing, and the technical capabilities of the medical center. However, all patients, regardless of the correction method, require lifelong dynamic follow-up with regular blood pressure monitoring and aortic imaging for timely detection and management of long-term postoperative complications.

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