The role of air pollution by suspended particles in the pathogenesis of comorbid pathologies (a literature review)

Pollution of atmospheric air with particulate matter (PM) is a pressing global problem. The review highlights current understanding of the role of air pollution with PM in the pathogenesis of comorbidity. For this purpose, materials from articles indexed in the PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU databases were used. The results of the influence of PM depending on their size, chemical composition, and concentration in the air on the occurrence and progression of comorbid diseases are considered. PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm are recognized as the most dangerous. Epidemiological and experimental studies have established a dose-dependent effect of PM on cells. Oxidative stress, damage to the cell genome, and epigenetic changes under the influence of PM are an important link in the pathogenesis of comorbidity. Systematization of scientific results through a formalized description contributes to understanding the pathogenesis of comorbidity and facilitates the use of these results in practical medicine to assess the risk of occurrence, early diagnosis, prognosis, improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients, and develop preventive measures.

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