Гетерогенность эндотелия в контексте различной сосудистой патологии (обзор литературы)

В аналитическом обзоре рассмотрены морфологические и функциональные аспекты гетерогенности эндотелия в зависимости от развития различной сосудистой патологии на примере атеросклероза (АС), тромбоза, артериальной гипертензии (АГ) и микроциркуляторной вазоспастической стенокардии. Среди универсальных механизмов дисфункции эндотелия (ДЭ) наиболее важными являются нарушение биосинтеза оксида азота (NO), дисрегуляция молекулярных механизмов механотрансдукции, эндотелиально-мезенхимальный переход, провоспалительная и протромботическая активация. Кроме того, сам процесс физиологического старения эндотелиальных клеток (ЭК) в виде повышения их проницаемости, ретенции липидов, адгезии и клеточной трансмиграции также имеет большое значение в патогенезе указанных заболеваний. С учетом современного состояния вопроса гетерогенности эндотелия кратко перечислены перспективные направления дальнейшего изучения его патофизиологии, включая разработки в области исследования транскриптома и протеома клеток атеропротективных кондуитов, используемых при коронарном шунтировании (КШ), молекулярно-клеточные аналогии между онкопатологией и АС.

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